The Terror of the French Revolution - 1793-1794

The Terror of the French Revolution - 1793-1794 1793 January February 1: France proclaims war on Great Britain and the Dutch Republic. February 15: Monaco attached by France. February 21: Volunteer and Line regiments in the French armed force combined. February 24: Levã ©e of 300,000 men to shield the Republic. February 25-27: Riots in Paris over food. Walk March 7: France announces war on Spain. Walk 9: Representatives en strategic made: these are delegates who will venture out to the French offices to sort out the war exertion and subdue insubordination. Walk 10: The Revolutionary Tribunal is made to attempt those associated with traditionalist action. Walk 11: The Vendã ©e area of France revolts, mostly in response to the requests of the levee of Feb 24. Walk: Decree requesting French renegades caught with arms to be executed without advance. Walk 21: Revolutionary armed forces and boards of trustees made. Advisory group of Surveillance set up in Paris to screen outsiders. Walk 28: Émigrã ©s now thought about legitimately dead. April 5: French General Dumouriez deserts. April 6: Committee of Public Safety made. April 13: Marat stands preliminary. April 24: Marat is seen not as liable. April 29: The Federalist uprising in Marseilles. May 4: First Maximum on grain costs passed. May 20: Forced credit on the rich. May 31: Journee of May 31: the Paris segments rise requesting the Girondins be cleansed. June 2: Journee of June 2: Girodins cleansed from the Convention. June 7: Bordeaux and Caen ascend in the Federalist revolt. June 9: Saumur is caught by revolting Vendã ©ans. June 24: Constitution of 1793 decided on and passed. July 13: Marat killed by Charlotte Corday. July 17: Chalier executed by Federalists. Last primitive contribution expelled. July 26: Hoarding made a capital offense. July 27: Robespirre chose for the Committee of Public Safety. August 1: The Convention actualizes a seared earth strategy in the Vendã ©e. August 23: Decree of levee as once huge mob. August 25: Marseille is recovered. August 27: Toulon welcomes the British in; they possess the town two days after the fact. September 5: Prompted by the Journee of September 5 government by Terror starts. September 8: Battle of Hondschoote; first French military accomplishment of the year. September 11: Grain Maximum presented. September 17: Laws of Suspects passed, meaning of suspect enlarged. September 22: Start of Year II. September 29: General Maximum starts. October 3: The Girondins go to preliminary. October 5: The Revolutionary Calendar is embraced. October 10: Introduction of the Constitution of 1793 ended and Revolutionary Government pronounced by the Convention. October 16: Marie Antoinette executed. October 17: Battle of Cholet; the Vendã ©ans are vanquished. October 31: 20 driving Girondins are executed. November 10: Festival of Reason. November 22: All houses of worship shut in Paris. December 4: Law of Revolutionary Government/Law of 14 Frimaire passed, bringing together force in the Committee of Public Safety. December 12: Battle of Le Mans; the Vendã ©ans are vanquished. December 19: Toulon recovered by the French. December 23: Battle of Savenay; the Vendã ©ans are vanquished. 1794 January February 4: Slavery annulled. February 26: First Law of Ventã'se, spreading held onto property among poor people. Walk March 3: Second Law of Ventã'se, spreading held onto property among poor people. Walk 13: Hã ©rbertist/Cordelier group captured. Walk 24: Hã ©rbertists executed. Walk 27: Disbanding of the Parisian Revolutionary Army. Walk 29-30: Arrest of the Indulgents/Dantonists. April April5: Execution of the Dantonists. April-May: The intensity of the Sansculottes, Paris Commune and sectional social orders broken. May 7: Decree beginning the Cult of the Supreme Being. May 8: Provincial Revolutionary Tribunals shut, all presumes should now be attempted in Paris. June 8: Festival of the Supreme Being. June 10: Law of 22 Prairial: intended to make feelings simpler, beginning of the Great Terror. July 23: Wage limits presented in Paris. July 27: Journee of 9 Thermidor ousts Robespierre. July 28: Robespierre executed, a large number of his supporters are cleansed and tail him throughout the following hardly any days. August 1: Law of 22 Prairial revoked. August 10: Revolutionary Tribunal re-composed in order to cause less executions. August 24: The Law on Revolutionary Government redesigns the control of the republic away from the exceptionally incorporated structure of the Terror. August 31: Decree constraining the forces of the Paris cooperative. September 8: Nantes Federalists attempted. September 18: All installments, endowments to religions stopped. September 22: Year III beginnings. November 12: The Jacobin Club shut. November 24: Carrier set being investigated for his wrongdoings in Nantes. December - July 1795: The White Terror, a rough response against supporters and facilitators of the Terror. December 8: Surviving Girondins permitted once again into the Convention. December 16: Carrier, the butcher of Nantes, executed. December 24: The most extreme is rejected. Attack of Holland. Back to Index Page 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6

Evaluation of Website Outrigger Canoe Club Essay

Assessment of Website Outrigger Canoe Club - Essay Example Site's guests can find out about history of the club, area, administrations gave and, in the wake of finishing enrollment, get to the participation just territory. Valuable five-day nearby climate conjecture put on the first page is of extraordinary assistance for arranging a club visit and open air sport exercises. Detailed data on general administrations and cooking, club's long stretches of activity is given. In addition, the arrangements, for example clothing standard and no smoking and phones allowed regions, are plot; Unique old high contrast photographs just as depiction of Outrigger Duke Kahanamoku Foundation includes kind of recorded custom and makes sentiment of sports soul. The club, as referenced, had numerous superstar individuals, including renowned Duke Paoa Kahanamoku and other athletes. The Dining and Hours of Operation segments halfway recurrent one another. As an improvement this data can be left in Dining segment as it were. Moreover, Dining area can be joined with Catering; To my psyche, the best thing about the site is the pleasantly delineated story of the Outrigger Canoe Club. It begins with club establishers and land rent from Estate of Quinn Emma. The story tells about the club's endurance years between the fire in 1914 and remaking in 1941.

Book Riots Deals of the Day for April 29th, 2019

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Essay on Heart Failure - 3548 Words

Situation: Two patients in their 70s present to the office at different times today, each with documented heart failure: one diastolic and the other systolic, and both are hypertensive. First, discuss the difference between systolic and diastolic heart failure, providing appropriate pathophysiology. ACEI/ARBs are the only medications prescribed for CHF that have been found to prolong life and improve the quality of that life. EXPLAIN the mechanism of action of ACEI/ARBs and how they affect morbidity and mortality in CHF. Be specific. Diuretics must be used very carefully in diastolic ventricular dysfunction. EXPLAIN this statement using appropriate physiology. Now considering all of the above, describe an appropriate comprehensive plan of†¦show more content†¦The characteristic beginning signs of HF include inadequate tissue perfusion and signs of volume overload. Inadequate blood flow to tissues can be evident by fatigue, shortness of breath, and exercise intolerance. Volum e overload is evident by peripheral and pulmonary edema (fluid collection in the limbs and on the lungs) and venous distention (due to blood pooling in circulation from back flow in the heart) (Lehne, 2010). Systolic heart failure is characterized by enlarged ventricles that are unable to fully contract to pump enough blood into circulation to adequately perfuse tissues. The enlargement in ventricles is due to an increased end-systolic volume. If the heart is not able to sufficiently pump the expected volume of blood with each contraction, which in a normal healthy heart is 50-60%, there will be a residual volume left in the heart after every pump (Heart Healthy Women, 2012). With the next period of filling, the heart will receive the same amount of blood volume from the atria combined with that residual volume from the previous contraction. This causes the ventricles to have to dilate to accommodate this increase in volume. The dilation causes the walls of the ventricles to stretch and become thin and weak. Also the myocardium, the muscle layer of the heart, will stretch and not be able to adequately make a full and forceful enough contraction to push blood from the ventricles (Lehne, 2 010).Show MoreRelatedThe Heart Of Heart Failure1503 Words   |  7 PagesHeart failure is a chronic, progressive condition in which the heart muscle is unable to pump enough blood through to meet the body s needs for blood and oxygen. Basically, the heart can t keep up with its workload. American Heart Association Statistics (2016) reveals that heart failure accounts for 36% of cardiovascular disease deaths. Projections report a 46% increase in the prevalence of Heart Failure (HF) by 2030 by affecting over 8 million people above 18 years with the disease. Healthy PeopleRead MoreThe Failure Of Congestive Heart Failure1090 Words   |  5 PagesCongestive heart failure is a chronic condition that is responsible for the highest number of hospitalizations among adults. Readmission rates after hospitalization also remain high, with 50% of patients being readmitted within 6 months of discharge. (Desai Stevenson, 2012). The Affordable Care Act penalizes hospitals with readmissions with in 30 days after discharge, making readmissions a focus of hospitals nationwide. Several factors including discharge planning, patient education, diet restrictionsRead MoreFailure And Treatment Of Heart Failure2085 Words   |  9 PagesAbstract: Heart failure affects over 5 million people and carries a high rate of mortality. Ivabradine, a new agent has been added to the current medical options for managing heart failure. It is a selective inhibitor of sino-atrial node and slows its firing rate, prolonging diastolic depolarization without any negative inotropic effects. In 2006, BEAUTIFUL trial evaluated patients with stable coronary artery disease and heart failure and found a significant reduction of coronary events, coronaryRead MoreFailure Of Congestive Heart Failure2705 Words   |  11 Pages As congestive heart failure continually increases among people worldwide it is a medical condition that is beginning to become more of a concern even for people at younger ages. It is typically a disease addressed by late age and elderly patients but many cases of earlier age have been shown. Because congestive heart failure has evolved when it comes to treatment, patients experience a remarkable difference on quality of life even over the last ten years. Although signs and symptoms remainRead MoreHeart Failures Of Heart Failure782 Words   |  4 Pages Heart failure describes a medical condition when the heart is unable to pump sufficient blood to the body [85]. While heart failure does not mean the immediate stopping of the heart, it is a serious and fatal condition. A study has found that the 4-year mortality rate for chronic heart failure was 43% for patients with preserved systolic function, and 54% for patients with reduced systolic function [86]. Heart failure is preval ent, with about 2-3% of adults worldwide showing signs of heart failureRead MoreHeart Failure ( Hf )1821 Words   |  8 Pages Considered a major health problem in the United States, heart failure (HF) is a syndrome involving insufficient pumping and/or filling of the heart (Lewis, Heitkemper, Dirkson, Bucher, 2014). As HF progresses, the heart cannot continue to meet the oxygen demands of the body’s tissues due to a decreased cardiac output. Acute HF and chronic HF have replaced the term congestive heart failure (CHF) since not all HF patients experience pulmonary congestion, but CHF is still commonly used in theRead MoreThe Failure Of Heart Failure999 Words   |  4 Pagesprocess is the heart, which by using the cardiovascular system supplies every other system throughout the body with the oxygen and nutrients by pumping them throughout the blood. When the demand is not met or the supply is too great it can be considered heart failure. Understandably heart failure is a worrisome term. To think one of your most vital organs is failing and unable to provide what is needed for basic survival is terrifying. However; there are many stages of heart failure that can rangeRead MoreFailure Of Congestive Heart Failure1262 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Almost every one in the United States knows a person suffering from congestive heart failure. This disease has manifested its way into the lives of so many—the statistics are astounding. According to the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, nearly 5 million people are affected and it is the main reason for hospital admission in older adults over the age of 65. This is a great cause for concern. In order to reduce the morbidity and control this epidemic, we must first understandRead MoreHeart Failure And The Elderly Population1608 Words   |  7 PagesHeart failure is more commonly diagnosed in the elderly population. There are ways to help manage heart failure like lifestyle modifications and use of pharmacology, and assessment for surgical intervention. Treatment of heart failure requires intensive medical, dietary, behavioral, and lifestyle modification to achieve improved quality of life, fewer hospitalizations, and decreased mortality (Singh, H., McGregor, Nigro, Higginson, and Larsen, 2014). Heart failure is a complex condition thatRead MoreClinical Indicators For Heart Failure1434 Words   |  6 PagesIndicators for Heart Failure Heart disease is the leading cause of death in the United States and the estimated cost of treatment is $32 billion yearly. Approximately 5 million people living in the United States suffer from congestive heart failure (CHF) and half of those diagnosed will die within 5 years. The quality and length of life for someone suffering from heart failure can be improved with early diagnosis, medication, physical activity, and diet modification (CDC, 2013). Congestive heart failure

Benefits of Vaccines Essay - 2011 Words

The controversy concerning vaccination for children has been a debate for many parents. A vaccine is defined as a biological agent used to prevent very serious illnesses and diseases, such as smallpox, measles, influenza, tuberculosis, and hepatitis by injecting a weakened infectious organism into the human body. When vaccines are given, the human body produces antibodies against the foreign substance, thus creating a defense mechanism for immunity to occur. Parenting decisions based on vaccinations are a sensitive matter in a child’s life. Many parents favor vaccines because they care about their children’s health during the first years of their lives. There are parents who fully trust and admire doctors for their efforts in contributing†¦show more content†¦All health care interventions, however, carry the possibility of risk and vaccines are no exception† (Clayton 12). There is no guarantee that vaccines do not cause risks, but scientific studies revea l that serious problems rarely happen. According to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention website, â€Å"Any vaccine can cause side effects. For the most part these are minor . . . sore arm or low-grade fever and go away within a few days.† Vaccines cause mild and temporary side effects, such as redness, fever, or swelling at the site where the shot was given (â€Å"Frequently Asked Questions About Immunizations†). An article called, The Truth About Gardasil talks about girls receiving the Gardasil shot and their adverse effects. These effects included nausea, vomiting, redness, swelling, and more. The Center for Disease Control and Prevention shows the probability of being about a one in four people to develop these symptoms. Therefore, these girls were most likely part of the minority group to acquire these reactions. Since vaccines have to be taken numerous times in a year, parents oppose vaccines because of the costs. They are expensive depending on the amo unt of doses, as well as the cost of a doctor’s visit. For example, theShow MoreRelatedThe Benefits Of Vaccines1744 Words   |  7 Pagesdelay their childs vaccines or forgo them all together. Even though vaccination has proven to be effective in preventing serious effects from illnesses, controversy remains over whether the risk of side effects from the immunizations outweigh the danger of contracting the disease. Although the downside from vaccines contain harmful materials and the possibility of unpleasant reactions, vaccines have countless advantages to ensure the health of the children and community. Vaccines have many advantagesRead MoreBenefits Of Mandatory Vaccines905 Words   |  4 PagesMandatory vaccines have been a subject of debate for years. They are easily the most controversial subject in the medical field. Vaccines protect us from diseases, however, with many accusations surrounding vaccinations, such as they give children autism or they can cause febrile seizures many parents question whether they are worth the risk. Mandatory vaccines have benefits and risks because of the impacts they have on your health. The seemingly greatest benefit of mandatory vaccines is that youRead MoreRisks Outweigh The Benefits Of Vaccines1552 Words   |  7 PagesRisks outweigh the benefits The side effects of vaccines are detrimental. Many parents are aware that vaccinations prevent disease and vaccinating their child aides in herd immunity. However, some may determine that the possible risks of vaccinations overshadow the benefits. The main concerns parents have are about the reactions to vaccinations. There is credible evidence that some vaccines may cause adverse events (Maglione, Das, Raaen, Smith, Chari, Newberry, Shanman, Perry, Bidwell GidengilRead MoreEssay about Weighing the Benefits of the Gardasil Vaccine1013 Words   |  5 PagesMany parents would take interest in a vaccine that promises protection against the second most common form of cancer found in women each year. Especially when 11,000 women will become diagnosed with cervical cancer each year, and 3,700 of those women will die as a result. Gardasil is a vaccine given in a series of three shots to girls ranging from nine to 26 years of age. Those three shots offer protection against four different strains of the human papilloma virus, which causes cervical cancer.Read MoreBenefits And Life Saving Properties That Vaccines Have For Children And Their Future1620 Words   |  7 Pagesspeculation that vaccines cause life-altering conditions such as Autism, or even something as serious as SIDS, or sudden infant death syndrome. Although this debate has been on going for quite some time now; many of what these parents do not understand is that correlation does not cause causation. A child may have Autism and had been vaccinated and naturally that parent wants to blame something on the reason their child has this disorder so of course they would want to blame the vaccines for this. HoweverRead MoreAnti Vaccine Movement Is Making Strong Waves Upon Society1411 Words   |  6 Pagesfatalities. In 1963 the measles virus vaccine was licensed in the United States (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention). Today, the notoriously rampant measles virus is almost unheard of. Measles is one of many diseases that have been prevented, or eradicated by the use of vaccines. Today many of America’s most infamous diseases such as Measles, Hepatitis A, Mumps, and Pertussis have seen a greater than 85% decrease in reported contraction s since the pre-vaccine era, and the Smallpox virus has beenRead MoreThe Importance Of Vaccines1035 Words   |  5 Pagesbetter than it was just 2 centuries ago thanks to vaccines. Currently there is a debate between people for vaccination and people who are not, called â€Å"Anti-Vaxxers†. Some feel the need to oppose vaccines because they think the ingredients are too risky, and its their choice regardless. Others feel that vaccines are beneficial because the positive effects it has on safety of our society. Vaccines should be required for everyone because the benefits outweigh the risks. First, one may argue that theRead MoreVaccines Should Be Mandatory For Children1371 Words   |  6 Pagessmall act (Vaccines). 322 Million cases of illnesses were prevented, because of a decision made by parents of small children. According to a United Nations Foundation partner organization, vaccines protect 2.5 million children from preventable diseases every year (Vaccines). Large numbers of people don’t know how preventable children’s illnesses and deaths really are. By using vaccines, children have a much smaller risk of getting sick or even potentially dying. The benefits of vaccines clearly outweighRead MoreShould Vaccines Be Mandatory For All Children?1308 Words   |  6 Pagesone small act (Vaccines). 322 Million cases of illnesses were prevented because of a decision made by children’s guardians. According to a United Nations foundation partner organization, vaccines protect 2.5 million children from preventable diseases every year (Vaccines). Large numbers of people don’t know how preventable children’s illnesses and deaths really are. By using vaccines, children have a much smaller risk of getting sick or even potentially dying. The benefits of vaccines clearly outweighRead MoreBenefits And Risks Of Recommended Child Immunizations Essay1461 Words   |  6 Pagesexplores the benefits and risks of recommended child immunizations. The potential risks involve health outcomes but not limited to asthma, learning disorders, seizures, and autism. Even with extensive research, there has been question on whether enough resEarch has gone into addressing the long term outcomes and the entire immunization schedule. Engaging parents in the stages of development is crucial to address any concerns about the childhood vaccines. The process of development of these vaccines have

Slavery in America Free Essays

One of the biggest conditions that separate the Southern Colonies from the New England and Middle colonies, is that they used to have a lot of slavery. The first African-American slaves were brought into Virginia, at about 10 slaves per year. But, when the Virginians really needed slavery, they made it legal. We will write a custom essay sample on Slavery in America or any similar topic only for you Order Now By the 1680s, they were being shipped in legions and being received at about 6,000 slaves per year. In fact, each slave had a different value, based on their strengths. Or example, a young, strong, healthy man would have a higher value than an older, weaker man. Even though colonists paid more money for better slaves, they earned it back in revenue. Many of the slaves worked for owners of agrarian businesses because the Southern Colonies had a farm economy. Some of the cash crops included rice, indigo, tobacco, sugarcane, and cotton. The soil in the South was perfect for farming and they had a longer growing season than in any other region. The Middle colonies were also a great place for farming, and they were called the â€Å"breadbasket.† The colonies had an overall warm climate with hot summers and light winters. Their geography in the western regions was mountainous, while they also had hilly, coastal plains. The planters of the Tidewater region had the best land and power, considering that they formed an oligarchy; but, the yeoman farmers’ outspoken independence was a constant warning to them. From 1770 to 1780, the southern colonies had an average population of 1,142,057. The majority of the population were Anglican, seeing that most of the original settlers from the Maryland colony were Catholic. Their economy wasn’t as diverse as the Middle colonies; but, they did have ethnic groups who were English, African and Native American. Do you know where the settlers lived when they couldn’t afford to live the plantation lifestyle? Well, they ended up moving further inland but it was very dangerous because of the wildlife and Native Americans. To keep themselves protected, they had to build forts. You now know all about the three regions that made up the Thirteen Colonies, which included the New England, Middle and Southern colonies. You’ve also learned about each region’s economy, population, government, political life, climate, geography, and religion. I got my evidence from the Mcgraw Hill Education book titled, Discovering Our Past: A History of the United States, Early Years – Florida Edition 2018. If you ever get stopped on the street and are asked a question about the Thirteen colonies, you’ll be able to give them a marvelous answer! How to cite Slavery in America, Papers

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Nuh-poh-lee-uhn} Essay Napoleon I, known as Napoleon Bonaparte before he became emperor, was probably the most brilliant military figure in history. Rising to command of the French Revolutionary armies, he seized political power as first consul in 1799 and proclaimed himself emperor in 1804. By repeated victories over various European coalitions, he extended French rule over much of Europe. He was finally defeated in 1814-15. Early LifeNapoleon was born on Aug. 15, 1769, to Carlo and Letizia Buonaparte (see BONAPARTE family) at Ajaccio, Corsica. His father secured a scholarship for him to attend French military school at Brienne (1779-84). Ostracized as a foreigner, he devoted himself entirely to his studies and graduated 42d in his class of 58. He then spent a year at the Military Academy in Paris before he was commissioned (1785) a second lieutenant in artillery. Assigned to the Valence garrison, he spent more than half of the next 7 years on furlough in Corsica, often without authorization. He came into conflict with the Corsican nationalist Pasquale PAOLI, and his family was forced to flee to Marseille in 1793. Bonaparte had welcomed the beginning of the FRENCH REVOLUTION in 1789, and in September 1793 he assumed command of an artillery brigade at the siege of Toulon, where royalist leaders had welcomed a British fleet and enemy troops. The British were driven out (Dec. 17, 1793), and Bonaparte was rewarded with promotion to general of brigade and assigned to the French army in Italy in February 1794. After the overthrow of the revolutionary leader Maximilien ROBESPIERRE in July 1794, Bonaparte was briefly imprisoned because he was identified with Robespierres faction. Released in September, he was assigned to fight a rebellion in the Vendee. He refused to go, however, working instead in the topographic section of the army, and eventually his name was stricken (Sept. 15, 1795) from the list of general officers. On Oct. 5, 1795 (13 Vendemiaire under the Revolutionary calendar), a revolt broke out in Paris, protesting the means of implementing the new constitution introduced by the National Convention. Paul BARRAS, who had been given full military powers, ordered Bonaparte to defend the convention, and aided by Joachim MURATs cannons, he routed the insurrectionists within four months. Bonaparte was rewarded by the new government, the DIRECTORY, with appointment (March 1796) as commander of the Army of the Interior. Before taking up that post he married (March 9) JOSEPHINE de Beauharnais, the 33-year-old widow of a republican general and erstwhile lover of a series of men, including Barras. Italian and Egyptian CampaignsLate in March 1796, Bonaparte began a series of operations to divide and defeat the Austrian and Sardinian armies in Italy. He defeated (April 21) the Sardinians at Mondovi (April 21), forcing them to conclude a separate peace by which Savoy and Nice were ceded to France. Then, in a series of brilliant maneuvers and battles, he won Lombardy fro m the Austrians. Mantua, the last Lombard stronghold, fell in February 1797 after a prolonged siege; Bonaparte had defeated four attempts to relieve the siege. As he crossed the Alps to advance on Vienna, the Austrians sued for an armistice, which was concluded at Leoben on Apr. 18, 1797. Bonaparte then personally negotiated the Treaty of CAMPO FORMIO (Oct. 17, 1797), ending the war of the First Coalition, the first phase of the FRENCH REVOLUTIONARY WARS. In addition to attending to his military operations in Italy, Bonaparte engaged in political affairs. He reorganized northern Italy to create (1797) the Cisalpine Republic and negotiated treaties with various Italian rulers. He also purloined invaluable Italian works of art and vast quantities of money, which were sent to Paris to enhance French museums and to bolster French finances. On his return to Paris, the Directory proposed that Bonaparte invade England. Instead he urged the occupation of Egypt in order to threaten British I ndia. On May 19, 1798, he sailed with an army of more than 35,000 troops on 350 vessels for Alexandria, Egypt. After seizing Malta en route, he reached Egypt on July 1, after evading the fleet of the British admiral Horatio NELSON. There he occupied Alexandria and Cairo, guaranteed Islamic law, and began to reorganize the government. On August 1, however, Nelson attacked and annihilated the French fleet at Abukir Bay. Thus cut off from France, Bonaparte continued his administrative reorganization and helped create the Institute of Egypt, a scholarly institution that began the methodical study of ancient Egypt. This study resulted in the publication of the monumental 18-volume Description dEgypte (1808-25). In February 1799, Bonaparte learned of the Ottoman Empires declaration of war against France. To forestall a Turkish attack on Egypt he invaded Syria but was halted at Acre by Turkish troops under British command. Suffering from the plague, the French army returned to Cairo in Jun e. In the meantime French forces in Europe were being defeated by the armies of the Second Coalition, and Bonaparte resolved to return to France. He sailed on Aug. 24, 1799. First ConsulOn Bonapartes arrival in Paris on October 14, he joined Emmanuel SIEYES in a conspiracy to overthrow the Directory. On November 9 (18 Brumaire), Bonaparte was appointed commander of the Paris garrison, the legislative assemblies were moved from Paris to Saint Cloud, and the five Directory members resigned. The following day Bonaparte, aided by his brother Lucien, used troops to disperse the assemblies and accepted appointment as one of three consuls, with Sieyes and Pierre Roger Ducos. Despite Sieyess plans to dominate the CONSULATE, Bonaparte gained the position of first consul. He appointed the members of the council of state, government officials, and judges of the courts, but he had little control over the Legislative Corps. The Consulate guaranteed law and order and maintained the political and social accomplishments of the revolution. Behind a democratic facade, however, Bonaparte concentrated power in his own hands. During the rule of the Consulate more formidable legislation was completed than in any other comparable period in French history. Order and regularity were established in every branch of the government. Bonaparte centralized local government, appointing the prefects and mayors and their councils; he pacified the rebellious regions of France and reconciled the royalists; he actively participated in drawing up the NAPOLEONIC CODE, a complete codification of the civil law; he initiated (1801) the CONCORDAT with Pope PIUS VII, which reestablished Roman Catholicism in France; and he created (1802) the order of the Legion of Honor to reward civil and military merit. Bonaparte also consolidated the national debt, restored the value of French bonds, balanced the budget, established the Bank of France, and centralized equitable tax collection. He created the Society f or the Encouragement of National Industry and undertook vast public works projects. By creating the Universite de France, in effect a state licensing body for teachers, he brought the entire system of higher education under centralized state control. His concern with cultural grandeur was also reflected in the enlargement of the LOUVRE, the transformation of the Hotel Soubise into the Archives Nationales, and the construction of neoclassical buildings around Paris. These internal achievements were balanced by the restoration of French supremacy abroad. In June 1800, Bonaparte defeated the Austrians at Marengo, Italy. Peace with Austria was concluded in the Treaty of Luneville (Feb. 9, 1801), and a year later the Treaty of Amiens (Mar. 27, 1802; see AMIENS, TREATY OF) ended war with Britain. In acknowledgment of his achievements, Bonaparte was recognized by plebiscite as consul for life on Aug. 2, 1802. With peace restored, Bonaparte extended French influence into Holland (the Batavi an Republic), Switzerland (the Helvetic Republic), and Savoy-Piedmont, which was annexed to France; he played the major role in the Imperial Recess (1803), by which the free cities and minor states of the HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE were consolidated; and he attempted to extend the French colonial empire, principally by recovering Haiti (see LOUISIANA PURCHASE). As a result of these policies and his refusal to grant trade concessions to Britain, war was renewed in 1803. Bonaparte organized an army of 170,000 to invade Britain, but his complex strategy to draw the British fleets away from Britain failed. Meanwhile, Austria also prepared to resume war, forcing Bonaparte to abandon his invasion plans. Any hope of a future invasion was ended when the British admiral Nelson destroyed most of the Franco-Spanish fleet in the Battle of TRAFALGAR on Oct. 21, 1805. EmperorIn February 1804 a British-financed plot to assassinate Bonaparte was uncovered by the former police minister Joseph FOUCHE (who rec overed his job as a result of this discovery). Of the leading conspirators, Jean Charles PICHEGRU died in prison, Jean Victor MOREAU fled the country, and Georges Cadoudal was executed. Another victim was the duc dEnghien, a Bourban-Conde prince who was kidnapped from the German state of Baden and executed in France. In the wake of these events, which revived royalist hostility, the Senate petitioned Bonaparte to establish a hereditary dynasty. On Dec. 2, 1804, therefore, Napoleon crowned himself emperor in a ceremony presided over by Pope Pius VII. Napoleon created a titled court that included many of his statesmen and generals as well as ex-royalists. Believing that family ties were more durable than treaties, in the next few years he placed members of his family on the thrones of several satellite statesNaples, Holland, Westphalia, and Spainand married his relatives to some of the most distinguished families in Europe. Dynastic considerations also caused Bonaparte to divorce Jose phine in 1809 because she had borne him no male heir. He then married (Apr. 2, 1810) Marie Louise, daughter of Austrian Emperor Francis I; within a year a son, the king of Rome, was born. In 1805, Britain organized the Third Coalition against France, but Napoleons new Grand Army swept through Germany into Austria destroying both Austrian and Russian armies at Ulm and AUSTERLITZ. Austria signed (Dec. 26, 1805) the Treaty of Pressburg, by which Venice and Dalmatia were annexed to Napoleons Kingdom of Italy, and in 1806, Napoleon organized the Confederation of the Rhine, a grouping of German states under French protection. Soon after, the Holy Roman Empire was formally dissolved. Prussia helped organize the Fourth Coalition against Napoleon late in 1806, but its forces were destroyed by Napoleon in the Battle of Jena-Auerstadt (October 1806). After defeating the Russians at Eylau (Feb. 8, 1807) and Friedland (June 14, 1807), Napoleon forced the allies to sign (July 7-9, 1807) the Treat ies of TILSIT, which resulted in the creation of the Grand Duchy of Warsaw and the Kingdom of Westphalia. Dominant in Europe, Napoleon was obsessed with Britains defiance and role as the commercial paymaster of Europe. To subdue Britain, Napoleon committed his most serious blunders. He imposed (1806) the CONTINENTAL SYSTEM, a blockade of British trade, on Europe to undermine the British economy. The refusal of Portugal to observe the blockade led to French intervention in Iberia and embroilment in the Peninsular War (see NAPOLEONIC WARS). While the Peninsular War raged, Austria mobilized and began the War of the Fifth Coalition. A series of hard-fought battles culminated in final French victory (July 5-6, 1809) at Wagram, and Austria lost Illyria and Galicia by the Treaty of Schonbrunn (Oct. 14, 1809). Although French control in Iberia was eroding by 1812, Napoleon invaded Russia on June 23-24 of that year. One major reason for the attack was the Russian refusal to accept the Contin ental System. The Russian armies withdrew, drawing Napoleon deep into Russia. Napoleon defeated them at Borodino on Sept. 7, 1812, and a week later reached Moscow. There he waited in vain for Emperor ALEXANDER Is surrender, while Russian arsonists set the city on fire. With reinforced Russian armies attacking his outlying positions and signs of winters approach, Napoleon ordered a retreat in October. Despite the deprivations suffered by his troops, the miserable weather, and the pursuing Russian army, Napoleon held the nucleus of his army together and managed to escape Russian encirclement. After crossing the Berezina River he left his ravaged army and hurried back to Paris on learning of an abortive coup in Paris by the demented general Claude Malet. After Napoleons Russian debacle the Prussians deserted their alliance with the French, and in 1813 the Sixth Coalition was formed among Prussia, Russia, Britain, and Sweden (ruled by the erstwhile Napoleonic general Bernadotte, later t o be King CHARLES XIV JOHN). Napoleon soon formed a new army and defeated the allies at Lutzen (May 2) and Bautzen (May 20-21). After a short armistice, hostilities again began in August, when Austria joined the coalition. Although Napoleon was victorious (August 26-27) at Dresden, the French were outnumbered two to one and defeated in the so-called Battle of Nations at Leipzig on October 16-19. Withdrawing across the Rhine, Napoleon refused to surrender any conquered territory, convinced that such a concession would cost him his crown in France. In 1814, France was invaded, and Napoleon again demonstrated his military genius by defeating each enemy army as it advanced on Paris. Hopelessly outnumbered he attempted to negotiate, but the allies continued to advance and took Paris on March 31. The Hundred DaysOn April 6, Napoleon abdicated in favor of his son. When the allies refused to accept this, he made his abdication unconditional on April 11. He then was exiled to the island of E LBA, where he was given sovereign power and introduced administrative, economic, and political reforms. Aware of Frances dissatisfaction over the restoration rule of the Bourbon dynasty, Napoleon decided to return to France in 1815. Landing at Cannes on March 1, he marched triumphantly through sympathetic areas of France and was greeted as the returning hero. King LOUIS XVIII fled abroad, and Napoleon occupied Paris on March 20, beginning the period called the Hundred Days. Although Napoleon proclaimed peaceful intentions, the allies, who were meeting in Vienna (see VIENNA, CONGRESS OF), immediately outlawed him and prepared for war. Before massive Russian and Austrian forces could reach France, Napoleon resolved to separate and defeat the Prussian and Anglo-Dutch armies in what is now Belgium. Despite several initial victories he was defeated by the duke of WELLINGTON and Gebhard von BLUCHER at Waterloo (see WATERLOO, BATTLE OF) on June 18, 1815. Napoleon returned to Paris, where h e abdicated for the second time on June 23. Fleeing to Aix, he surrendered to the captain of the British warship Bellerophon and was exiled to the island of SAINT HELENA. Living with his secretary and a few loyal friends, he dictated his memoirs, laying the foundation of the Napoleonic legend. He died on May 5, 1821. The Napoleonic legend was embellished by his followers in the succeeding decades of turbulent French politics. It facilitated the rise of Napoleons nephew, who eventually founded a Second Empire as Napoleon III in 1852. Allowing for the exaggerations of the legend, there remains no question that Napoleon I was a military genius. Although his ambition to dominate Europe cost France hundreds of thousands of lives, he left to that country many of the institutions that form its modern basis. His tomb in the Invalides in Paris is a national shrine. MacbethAnalysis of fear Essay

HRM Analysis †Childrens Hospital

Introduction The HRM practices embraced in Children’s National Medical Center (mostly known as Children’s Hospital) are diverse and strategic. Nonetheless, the hospital has gathered a momentous legacy since its inception in Washington, DC.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on HRM Analysis – Children’s Hospital specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The hospital provides exclusive pediatric cares due to its strategic human resource provisions, novel managerial tactics, and exemplary customer focus. It has served in this capacity for decades and has reaffirmed itself as a leader in the industry not just in terms of patient care, but also as a research and development center. It has also focused on a growth-centered business strategy in order to continue offering high quality healthcare services to its clients (Rotter et al., 2011). Formerly, the hospital realized that it needed to change its c ustomer care services, expertise, and human resource management so as to serve the increasing number of patients who were coming for medical services. With over 300 bed capacity and a huge potential to grow, the hospital focuses on capacity development and a profitable coexistence with other healthcare providers including Medstar Washington Hospital Center adjacent to it. In addition, HR management contributes credibly to the health systems, administration, and service provisions in this hospital (Home Facts, 2012). In order to manage HR in pediatrics properly, the hospital has structured its job execution provisions virtuously. This should consider the provisions of emergency cases. HRM is designed to uplift the clinical and non-clinical sectors in the quarters of healthcare. Currently, several healthcare systems across the world have put much of their attention in the human resources management.Advertising Looking for term paper on business economics? Let's see if we can hel p you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In particular, they form great part of the health system contributions, budget making, and health services provisions in regard to pediatrics (Storey, 2007). Arguably, the management of the health sector depends entirely on knowledge and proper management of human resource persons in the health sector (involved in health services delivery). Additionally, the issues addressed by such professionals are dependent on their talents and inspirational aspects. It is vital to foster respect and boost self-esteem within the entire workforce. This constitutes proper management of the human resources within an organization in regard to pediatrics. In the context of employment, the jobs available at Children’s Hospital can be divided into two major groups: clinical jobs and non-clinical jobs. As the positions at Children’s Hospital vary widely, the organization naturally has an interest in drawing in a wide range of cand idates to fill the positions. While this is largely done by tapping the provincial labor market, some positions, at times, are filled by reaching beyond the local labor market and into the national labor market. Examples of positions such as these include high-level clinical occupations such as surgeons. Nevertheless, the labor market from which the majority of the staff is drawn is the labor market found in the Washington, D.C. Metropolitan area. Therefore, an assessment of the labor market from which Children’s Hospital draws candidates for open positions is essentially an assessment of the Washington, D.C. Metropolitan area labor market. Such an assessment reveals that out of 5.7 million people, 5.1% of the population are unemployed and in the market for a job (BLS, 2012). This is equivalent to approximately 300,000 people. This is the group of people which composes the core labor market from which Children’s Hospital and all other employers in the area have to choo se from.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on HRM Analysis – Children’s Hospital specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Casting overarching and blanketing adjectives on this large number of people to describe them would be misleading as the basic demographics, level of education, and required training for specific position would vary greatly from person to person. Keeping this in mind, it is more useful to systematically review the various characteristics which define the labor market. Developing a set of HRM practices viable for the Children’s Hospital Evidently, good HR practices are recommendable to promote viable human resources practices in the realms of recruitment, training, and evaluation of prospective employees. The paper discerns strategic HRM management practices that can be adopted by The Children’s Hospital to enhance its workforce provisions (Storey, 2007). This organization should fix most of its HR practices because some of them are either not in place, not defined, or not carried out effectively. As the HR manager, it is vital to understand that HR management aspects have numerous roles that influence the operations of any given national corporation in the health care sector. Similarly, it can affect the financial performance of this hospital; however, this might vary from one season to the next depending on the HR practices that the organization embraces. It is vital to recognize that the decisions that the Children’s Hospital makes on who to hire, what to pay, what training to offer, how employees’ performance is appraised, and other credible HR provisions directly affect employees’ motivation and ability to provide services that customers value. Consequently, Children’s Hospital must consider such factors through the HR department so as to realize credible organizational performance. Generally, HR manager’s roles in this MNC might eventually affect its prosperity, market relevance, and financial aspects.Advertising Looking for term paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The strategic HRM management practices chosen in this context incorporate recruitment, selection, training and development, compensation, employee relations, and performance management. However, three of them have been discerned in diverse ways so as to understand the novel HRM concepts that the hospital can establish and implement so as to remain relevant in the HR management arenas. They have been intertwined so as to emerge with a concrete management provisions that the hospital, through its newly managed HR department, should establish, implement and embrace to benefit the its pediatric clients. Children’s Hospital should implement various HRM management practices in order to remain relevant in the American and global healthcare market (Kocher, 2011). Due to its services and child care capacity, the organization demands novel HRM practices in the context of HR planning, recruitment of employees, selection criteria, training and development provisions, compensation plans, as well as performance management. Another credible provision is the establishment and ratification of diversity provisions within the hospital’s workforce. Cultural diversity is increasingly being a challenge and a captivating feature of both individual lives as well as the contexts in which companies and institutions operate. Because of the obvious challenges of the culturally-sensitive areas in which the hospital operates, it has to take credible policy initiatives to ensure that it attains its diversity tolerance initiatives. A policy herein refers to a statement of procedures guiding the stakeholders of an organization on how responsibilities should be conducted. Foremost, successful organizations apply diversity within their workforce to gain competitive advantages. Children’s Hospital should adopt policies that increase the cultural, gender, and racial variety within its workforce. To enhance its competitive advantage, diversity recruitment policies will propel the hospital to the global limelight. The hospital should also understand the benefits of a diverse workforce. In this regard, the management should use training programs to elucidate the advantages of indulging diverse ideas within the hospital. Teamwork policies have been critical in most culturally diverse organizations (Storey, 2007). When adequately incorporated, the policy helps to develop the feeling and spirit of unity as well as togetherness towards a collective goal. In teamwork, the objective for a collective goal overrides the diversity of members. This forms a quality recipe for competitive advantage within organizations. The vision statements as well as the hospital’s policies should be sound and solid to enhance competitiveness amidst cultural diversity of its workforce. The corporate vision statement ought to be constructed in a manner that reflects the organization’s commitment to cultural diversity. This should be backed-up by a powerful vision. The c ompany’s time-off policies should also prop up cultural uniqueness for holidays as well as religious observances. Other policies should also outline the training of managers on cultural diversity sensitivity. The hospital needs high-caliber pediatricians to propel its services considerably. In this context, there are best practices employed by the HR department through the social media to attract such characters (Kocher, 2011). This is a considerable provision. Social media can be used to advertise the hospital in a positive manner. Potential doctors and other employees should be allowed to access viable information regarding the company through the available and widely used social media. Evidently, it is agreeable that the hospital’s HR departments should focus more of its resources in using social media in the staffing activities. This is because many people are connected through social media. It possible to advertise vacancies through the media and attract a large n umber of interested employees. Links to the hospital’s website can also be provided. As a modernized HR provision, cultural diversity training is important in the organizational context. To improve it, the training should contain racial embracement provisions, ethnicity tolerance, religion aspects, and cultural fusion among other aspects. This is important since it broadens the aspects of diversity beyond cultural barriers. Concurrently, the national shortage of competent nurses, especially those with the specialized skills needed to support Children’s specialized mission, need to be well documented and resourced. In this context, the role of nurses in paediatric care can be augmented through viable and effective plans for staffing, performance appraisal, and equality embracement. In this context, the decisions that Children’s Hospital must take are obvious despite their incomplete definition. The hospital must embrace expansion in both physical and organization al arenas (Our Leadership,2012). Currently, the composition of the labor market in the Washington area is varied. Contextually, as indicated by Home Facts (2012), there are nearly 60% African Americans, 30% Whites, 10% Hispanics, 3% Hispanics and 7% others with males dominating this market incredibly. It is important to note that the age of the age of those in the labor market ranges from 18-85 as at 2012. The hospital should cease this rich human resource to enhance its service provisions and quality management. In the context of technology, IT has brought both positive and negative impacts to the hospital’s HR management. Even though there are some few negative impacts, the positive impacts have counterbalanced them. Arguably, IT is vital in the development and organization of any business activity. The hospital currently embraces IT since it is both economical and faster (Williams Boren, 2008). It also prefers IT since the technology entails everything that the hospital n eeds ranging from expertise to customers and advertisements. Besides, it is important to the human resource management. It provides a suitable ground for recruitment purposes. Through the introduction of Information Technology (IT), the hospital can nowadays advertise jobs and organize for interviews online. IT is also helpful in keeping employee’s information. With IT, HRM can easily record and retrieve both patients and workers’ data when needed. In this context, it is possible to give employees job directives online based on their performance records. Besides, workers are able to perform more complicated tasks as well as improve the performance rates of their respective organizations. IT has also improved employees interaction with their organizations. Workers can easily interact and share their views/opinions without fear. Consequently, this improves the image of the HR managers and the entire company. They (resource managers) can easily and effectively keep, manag e and examine worker’s data with limited challenges (Yan, 2010). Through information technology, most managers can easily monitor the performance of the workers, carry out job analysis and recruit new employees as discussed earlier. Consequently, this will improve performance of both the organization and the human resources. It has also improved the level of transparency in the system as the information stored cannot easily be distorted. The accuracy and speed at which the managers and workers perform their duties has greatly improved. Moreover, it assists the human resource professionals to have information about current changes in policies and employment practices in the organization. By obtaining the relevant information mentioned above, the value and involvement of the resource managers is improved. They can easily interact with other professionals online to help improve their image and performances. Eventually, the performance and image of the hospital will be improved. Contextually, employees require diverse skills and management provisions to enhance their performance and growth in their respective careers (Children’s National, 2012). Another credible HR provision on how to manage human resources in the hospital is the establishment and preparation of young workers by providing them with relevant skills. This will eventually ensure that the retiring health workers are replaced with other competent young health personnel. Additionally, this will solve the problem of inadequate health practitioners in the hospital and continuously increase the HR management provisions. Through the development of numerous human resource initiatives, there will be increased efficiency in providing the healthcare facilities and proper management. Conclusion Conclusively, it is recommendable for the Children’s Hospital to promote viable human resource practices in the realms of recruitment, training, compensation, and evaluation of prospective employees. The report focused on Children’s National Medical Center in the context of strategic HRM management practices that can be adopted by the hospital to enhance its workforce provisions. Children’s National Medical Center should implement various HRM management practices in order to remain relevant in the American and global Health Care market. Due to its medical provision capacity, the hospital demands novel HRM practices in the context of HR planning, recruitment of employees, selection criteria, training and development provisions, compensation plans, as well as performance management mentioned before. It has a rich history and service provision capacity that can be harnessed for the benefit of the country. References BLS (Bureau of Labor Statistics). (2012). Local area unemployment statistics. Unemployment rates for Metropolitan Areas. Web. Children’s National. (2012). Children’s National Medical Center. Web. Home Facts (2012). Washington, D.C. Demographi cs. Web. Kocher, R. (2011). Hospitals’ Race to Employ Physicians—The Logic Behind a Money-Losing Proposition. New England Journal of Medicine, 364(19): 1-67. Libraries, 29(2), 87-92. Our Leadership. (2012). Children’s National Medical Center. Web. Rotter, T. et al. (2011). Methods for the evaluation of hospital cooperation activities. Systematic Reviews, 1(11): 1-5. Storey, J. (2007). Human Resource Management: A Critical Text. London: Thomson. Williams, F., Boren, S. (2008). The role of the electronic medical record (EMR) in care delivery development in developing countries: a systematic review. Ohio, OH: Cengage Learning. Yan, H. (2010). On the Clouds: A New Way of Computing. Information Technology Primary Care, 16(2), 139-145. 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Diagnosis and Treatment Essay

Diagnosis and Treatment Essay Diagnosis and Treatment Essay Week Eight: Assignment Diagnosis and Treatment Introduction to Behavioral Science Instructor: Anxiety disorder is a type of psychological disorder. It is said that anxiety disorders are one of the more common types of psychological disorders. As defined in our textbook â€Å"Anxiety disorders can be subdivided into several diagnostic categories, including specific phobias, panic disorder, and other anxiety disorders, such as generalized anxiety disorder, obsessive–compulsive disorder, and disorders caused by specific traumatic events† (Morris & Maisto 2010). Phobias are one type of anxiety disorders. Phobias are placed into three categories. The first being a specific phobia which is a type of anxiety disorder described as extreme, paralyzing fear of something common. Common specific phobias may include needles, confined spaces, spiders, snakes, and heights. Almost 10% of Americans suffer from at least one specific phobia, (Morris however when these fears begin to restrict their ability to function in their day to day living environment, social phobia disorder may be diagnosed. One examples of social phobia is the fear of public speaking. The last type of phobia is agoraphobia. As defined in our textbook, â€Å"Agoraphobia is an anxiety disorder that involves multiple, intense fears of crowds, public places, and other situations that require separation from a source of security such as the home (Morris & Maisto 2010). Those who suffer from agoraphobia may have the fear of being alone, and may never leave their homes. Treatment options for those diagnosed with phobia disorders would best respond with classical conditioning. One type of classical conditioning is systematic desensitization, a method for gradually reducing fear and anxiety, is one of the oldest behavior therapy techniques (Wolpe, 1990). Systematic desensitization works by slowly introducing a new response, such as relaxation with the anxiety- causing stimuli. Numerous studies show that systematic desensitization helps many people overcome their fears and phobias (Hazel, 2005; D. W. McNeil

English literature Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 2

English literature - Essay Example both Oedipus from Oedipus the King by Sophocles and the character’s daughter Antigone from Antigone by Jean Anouilh are each protagonists driven by the passion of pride and how this largely contributes to their own downfall. The opening actions of both tragedies illustrate this pride. In Oedipus the King, Oedipus is approached by plague-stricken masses asking help from him. When he sees his people gathered around him like a god, his response to them is â€Å"What means this reek of incense everywhere, / From others, and am hither come, myself, / I Oedipus, your world-renowned king†1. Although the people of Oedipus’ day did turn to their kings to cure all societal ills, Oedipus here is taking on the persona of a god. His pride in his role is evident in the words he speaks. His last line, referring to himself as the â€Å"world-renowned king† helps to underscore that streak of pride. It is also obvious, with a touch of foreshadowing, that he is not secure in his position by his tendency to repeat his greatness. Personal experience has shown when people insist on being known by their title, they are not overly secure about its authority. Antigone, on the other hand, enters the scene in a rage after learning that the new king, Creon, has forbidden to allow one of her brothers to be buried. She decides to go against the king’s orders, arguing that burying the dead is the right thing to do. Her pride in family makes it impossible for her to drop the issue. It is clear she’s outraged that the king would tell her what to do when she is talking to her sister at the very beginning of the play: â€Å"That’s what people say the noble Creon / has announced to you and me – I mean to me†2 . The repetition of â€Å"I mean to me† indicates she cannot believe someone else would tell her what to do, showing excessive pride in her own judgment. As her sister reminds her, women do not have any power in their culture, but Antigone does not listen. In the end, it

How the French and Indian War affected the outcome of the 7 years war Research Paper

How the French and Indian War affected the outcome of the 7 years war - Research Paper Example Overview Even though the root of the conflict in Europe was the competition between Austria and Prussia for possession of Silesia, the prevailing subject of the clash between France and Britain was power over trade and commerce with the colonies in North America, Africa, and India.1 The specific target of both these nations was the very lucrative Atlantic trade system. This trade system transported slaves from Africa to the New World to work in the cultivation of specific agricultural goods, such as lumber, cotton, rice, and sugar.2 The raw materials were afterward transported to Europe for manufacturing and consumption. Processed goods that were not bought in Europe were returned to the American colonies and Africa for another trade or use.3 Although France controlled the production of sugar in the Caribbean, Britain supervised the goods produced in the North American colonies. The same competition between the two nations was present in India for cotton, spices, and tea. This econom ic competition between Britain and France in North America motivated the Seven Years’ War.4 By 1753, French colonists had started inhabiting the Ohio River Valley. The French had strong, positive ties with the Native Americans and aimed to enhance trading relations with them. The British settlers, who refused to be restricted to the Atlantic coastal areas, saw this French attempt as a danger to westward expansion and responded with aggression.5 Virginia’s governor deployed a group of mercenaries headed by George Washington to support the British cause in the Ohio River Valley and to contest the attempts of France toward expansion. Constructing a small fortification nearby modern-day Pittsburgh, the militia of Washington failed in their attempt to assault the French at Fort Duquesne.6 The British forces were resisted and pushed to retreat to their fort, where the French attacked them. After incurring heavy casualties, Washington was compelled to lay down arms. This figh t is regarded to be the first of the French-Indian part of the Seven Years’ War.7 With the collaboration between France and the natives in North America, the battle emerged quickly in Europe. In early 1756, through the Convention of Westminster, Britain took Prussia as its ally. The French directly allied with Austria. The coalitions of the War of Austrian Succession were upturned, with Prussia and Britain going against Austria and France.8 Sweden and Russia eventually entered the Franco-Austrian coalition. The influence of the French-Indian War on the outcome of the Seven Years’ War was worldwide. The impact of the war was also enduring, with its consequences still felt and seen in the 21st century.9 The French and Indian War Implication for the Seven Years’ War Because of the war, both Britain and France incurred heavy financial loses at the end of the Seven Years’ War, with serious long-term consequences. The war further raised the national debt of Bri tain. The Crown, trying to find ways to settle the debt, obliged its colonies to pay additional taxes.10 The colonies responded to these measures with more intense resistance, until forces were deployed to make sure that the Crown’s agents could safely carry out their obligations. These steps finally resulted in the American Revolutionary War. Likewise, the financial problem and military

Application White-listing With Bit9 Parity

Application White-listing With Bit9 Parity K.PADMAVATHI I. Introduction Antivirus is a requirement for a host of compliance standards and is championed to be a critical component for any security baseline (PCI-DSS 3.0-5.1). A recent google search for â€Å"Cyber Security Breaches† in Google News shows 16,700 results in Google News. Even NIST has stated that that AV is not an adequate control. The basis for this argument is that AV, even with heuristics, looks for methods or signatures that are known to the specific AV vendor. Bit9 Parity goes a step further and restricts the execution of any executable or applications to those only allowed by the product (Bit9 Datasheet, 2013). Parity has a host of benefits as well as some significant drawbacks, but with proper and careful implementation, a deployment of Parity can be successful. Parity has multiple methods to manage and control an environment. Parity is deployed with a server, database and console to control and manage Parity Agents. The deployed agents are a package of executables and configurat ion files that contain a kernel module that sits on the hardware layer and proxies the raw system calls from the user layer to those resources. For this reason it makes manipulation of the agent from the user layer very difficult. There is also a management console to manipulate the server that controls all agents on endpoints. II. Pre-Deployment During pre-deployment, the first thing that must be decided is where it will be deployed. Bit9 would recommend that the product be deployed on all systems in an environment. However, this is not feasible as the cost of the product and the complexity of most environments makes 100% immediate deployment difficult. Parity takes a default deny approach (Bit9 Data Sheet, 2014). This is a good method for protection but can make deployments difficult. To deal with this situation it is a good idea to deploy the product in homogenous environments first. Therefore, in planning deployment it is best to identify and group environments by their similarity and their levels of criticality. The most critical could be where the protection needs to go first. However an additional risk of deploying the product in critical environments is that by description they are critical to the business. So the product must deployed with care, proper planning and testing. III. To Protect the Environment (Client-side) Protection and prevention is absolutely ideal when it comes to deployment of Parity. When working with dynamic and non-homogenous environments the product should be deployed in this mindset. An excellent environment for deploying to protect would be a desktop or laptop (client side) environment. IV. To Control the Environment In order to protect an environment administrators and security personnel must control andunderstand their environment. However methods of deployment can differ with these underlying goals in mind. Deploying to control should be applied in specific environments that have rigorous change control and a low level of change. This would be server environments or other systems that are running on end-of life operating systems, such as Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) systems, as well as some Point of Sale Systems (POS). V. Deployment After deciding what environment to start, it is time to build out the Parity Server and console. According to the Bit9 installation guide, the server should have a SQL server available or a new SQL server database, either 2005 or 2008 deployed and configured prior to installation. (Parity 6.0 Deployment Guide, 2013) The server will also need .net framework 3.5 and a host of other web application Microsoft requirements. All should be included with a current version of Server 2008. Prior to installation ensure that all servers meet local hardening procedures. VI. Configuration After the server has been installed, it should be simple to browse to the https://localhost which will direct to the Parity console if logging on locally. Browsing from another system to https://server name which will direct the administrator to the Parity console. The default credentials should be username admin and password admin. As always, best practices, change immediately. VII. Bit9 Knowledge Base Another critical component is the Bit9 knowledgebase. The Bit9 knowledgebase is one of the single largest collection of known good executables available commercially. This will require outbound connectivity to the Bit9 knowledgebase servers on port 443 from the Parity server. It will also require a license from Bit9 knowledgebase. There is an open API to query the data through a restful API. (Script attached – Appendix B) The knowledgebase can be configured in the Administration tab > Licensing >Parity Knowledge Activation. VIII. Other System Administration On the system administration tab there are a host of other setup actions that can be accomplished on this tab as well. On the mail tab, the SMTP settings for alerts can be configured to send alerts for status of systems. The advanced options has the ability to back-up the database, configure automated updates, log out times for the parity console, file uploads configuration, old computer cleanup, software rule completion, and certificate options. Most of these options are not of much concern, however the cleaning up of old agents should be configured. IX. Policy Configuration Designing the policies in Parity is absolutely critical to having a successful deployment. The default policies that come with the product are a good place to start. â€Å"Default Policy† which is designed for the agents to go to once the agent is initially installed. The â€Å"Local Approval Policy† which is designed to approve any running executables on the system. The â€Å"Template Policy† which is designed to be copied and configured for new policies. Initially four new policies need to be created for management of agents. â€Å"Lockdown Policy† must be created to replace the Default Policy and to be the final stop for agents during configuration. â€Å"Lockdown Reporting† policy which will be configured on systems to report as if they were in lockdown without actually blocking, and a â€Å"Monitoring Policy† to start hashing and collecting execution information on systems. â€Å"Disabled Policy† should also be created to for the installation of the agents, and removal of the agents if necessary. X. Deploying Agents After all the agent configuration policies have been created and some basic software rules like the .net software rule, it is time to start deploying agents. The agents can be downloaded from https://parityserver/hostpkg/. It is best to start with an agent disabled policy.Installing the agent can be done on all systems through multiple methods, GPO, software packaging and through scripting. Scripting is beneficial, because it can be scheduled and the output can be collected for error checking. See appendix B for an example installation script. Installing the agents is a slow process which requires getting a list of all devices, verifying in the Parity Console the assets are available and the communication level of the agent. Something to consider is that any Windows version after Server 2008 and Windows 7 should deploy the agents without the need for a reboot. However older versions will require a reboot. If the agents are not communicating with the Parity Server ensure that agents can reach the server on TCP port 41002 or reboot the system if necessary. XI. Locking Down the Agents After ensuring that all agents are deployed it is time to start locking down agents. This can be accomplished by selectively moving agents into the â€Å"Monitoring Policy†. This step in the installation process has the most impact on the system therefore it is best to move agents into this policy during times of less usage and only move a few agents at a time. XII. Policies and Procedures Before moving any systems into lockdown (other than testing systems) it is time to ensure there is a process for addressing blocked executables that users/administrators need to run on the systems. It is likely that any organization that is going to deploy Parity will have methods and processes for IT workflow. This is an ideal method for dealing with end user issues with Parity blocks of potentially useful and needed executables. This should be communicated with the user population to ensure that users know where to go in case they have Parity block. XIII. Operational Uses for Parity There are many other uses for Parity other than just to protect the environment. It is an excellent source of information showing exactly what is running in an environment. By querying the data in Parity, a Security Analyst could research to find if a downloaded malicious file actually reached the endpoint system or not. An Analyst could also upload a hash from doing analysis on another system to Parity to block across the install base. The server actually has a very simple SOAP API utilizing JSON that can be called very simply from web posts. XIV. Conclusion When evaluating any technology technologist and security practitioners should carefully analyze with due care the technologies, especially those that will require employee time and energy as well as significant capital expenditure. Bit9’s Parity will take significant time, funds, and energy to deploy. It will take a concerted effort from senior leadership to decide on the product and then organizational push to deploy it. The approach that Application-White listing takes is a simple one, trust only what is known and all other executables and binaries are not trusted and are not allowed to run. If an organization believes that they may be targeted by an advanced actor then the advanced protection provided by an approach like Application-White listing should be evaluated. The decision is a risk decision, the protections Parity offers are significant. If deployed properly, malware will not be able to gain a persistence on a network, as well a huge number of other attacks will be mitigated. If an organization deems that they need the level of security, the costs and energy that Parity takes to deploy are well worth the efforts.

Throwing a Surprise Birthday Party

Throwing a surprise birthday party for someone is not an easy task, it takes patience and planning. Surprise parties are usually thrown for friends and family usually on birthdays or accomplishments and are pretty fun to participate in. In this event everyone is aware of it except for the person the surprise party is being thrown for. You have to know where its going to be held, have everyone on the same page, and that it’s a party afterwards. Planning for these types of events can be a little hectic but the ending result it’s usually priceless. First, you have to choose where the event is going to be held.This is the first step because where spacing is everything. The amount of people helping for the surprise depends on how small or large of sale it should be. The people involved in the surprise should all have the same attitude and should all be ready to surprise. The event can be at a familiar place because it would be less likely for the person to know it’s a surprise. Next, you have to make sure everyone is on the same page. This is key when throwing surprise parties. Make sure you let it be known to all participants that it is a surprise, meaning that a particular person doesn’t know its happening.It should stay that way until it is over with. Usually when everyone is on the same page things go smooth and as planned. When the party boy or girl is coming through the door it is very important that everybody hiding in their spots all hop out and scream â€Å"SURPRISE! † as they jump out. They reaction given is usually a priceless one. One they will remember for a long time. With that being said, when throwing a surprise party you have to make sure you have a gift that the person has wanted. This adds to the â€Å"surprise† in the surprise party. Being around friends, family and loved ones already makes it a great experience.Adding a great gift would be even better. Great gifts are always memorable. Consequently, you can’t just have that big surprise and let that be the highlight of the night. Dim the lights crank up the tunes and lets have a party. Adding great music and food to top off the celebration makes everything worthwhile. All in all, a good surprise party is not that hard to accomplish. With gathering your friends and loved ones, making sure they are on one accord, having a successful surprise, good gifts and a party afterwards. There isn’t any other surprise party that can beat it.

Leisure Industry Competition Essay

1. Discuss using examples from a leisure industry of your choice, the extent to which competition creates efficiency. There are many ways in which a firm or leisure industry can be considered to be efficient. First of all they may be productively efficient. This is where they would be operating at their lowest average cost, meaning they are benefiting from all economies of scales and experience no diseconomies of scale. They particularly must avoid any waste of factors of production. Allocative efficiency exists when the firm is operating where Price is equal to Marginal Cost. When a firm or industry is allocatively efficient this means they are producing what society wants and allocating resources to increase both output and quality. This may be in the form of specialisation. If dynamic efficiency exists this means that the firm or industry is experiencing abnormal profit. Their aim must always be to increase output in the future often by investing in research and development, such firms are often benefitting from monopoly power. Pareto efficiency is where production of one good can increase without the production of another decreasing. I believe that increased competition will create productive efficiency. This is because if there is increased competition through an increase in the supply of for example entertainment channels entering the TV broadcasting industry this will result in firms having the reduce their prices of advertising slots due to the potential fall in the number of viewers. This will mean that they are now price takers in the market and as a result their revenue will decrease. As the firms are profit maximisers they will be unsatisfied with their revenue falling and as a result they will need to reduce their average cost in an attempt to maintain their previous profit level. They will reduce their average cost by avoiding any waste of factors of production in the production of the good/service and in order to do so they will often reduce their output of any new television programmes as there is a potential that they may be unsuccessful and as a result viewers will often see an increase in the numbe r of repeats of television programmes. They will also decrease their output of new programmes in order to stop any potential diseconomies of scale and improve communication in the production of their good/service. Therefore at this point I believe that in  the leisure industry firms such as ITV have become more productively efficient as a result of increased competition. Some firms also have the ability to attain economies of scale. An example would be SKY who obtained technical economies of scale by the introduction of 3D and HD boxes, and purchasing economies of scale by the purchase of previously unavailable channels and programmes such as HBI and the FA cup. Attaining these economies of scale reduced SKYs average cost leading to them being more productively efficient. This further backs up my point that increased competition does result in greater efficiency. However, it could be argued that this is dependent upon the scale of competition. For example, when Channel 4 and Channel 5 first entered the market this was not the case, meaning efficiency did not increase. However, as these channels have become more well established this is now the case. One could also argue that this is also not the case for the BBC due to the fact that they are funded by the Government and do not compete on price. The BBC is a public monopoly but they are certainly not efficient. The BBC is not cutting costs in order to become more productively efficient; the Government is reducing their funding therefore this has created the need for the company to be more productively efficient. They are doing this in a number of ways such as moving production from London to Manchester as it is cheaper and therefore will reduce their costs. Therefore increased competition is not the factor that is causing the BBC to become more productively efficient – Government intervention is. This leads me to the conclusion that the greater the number of firms the more likely they are to increase productive efficiency. But increased competition is not the only factor; government intervention must also be considered. In the leisure industry there is always a need for Travel Agents to be allocatively efficient, this is because it is vital that they produce what society wants. If it was the case that certain Travel agents were not providing the holidays that consumers wanted this would simply result in holiday makers going elsewhere. This is especially the case at present because barriers to entry/exit have decreased meaning new firms are entering the market all of the time due to improved communication. This has increased competition mainly due to the internet as many travel agents and comparison websites have set up online to compare the best deals, which increases the  power to the consumer as they are no longer required to visit the main four travel agents. This has resulted in a greater need for travel agents to avoid mis-allocation of their resources by decreasing the number of planes and destinations. This is because if they do not allocate their holidays to societies needs their Marginal Cost will increase above their price. Therefore increased competition leads to an increase in the need for firms to allocate resources to what society needs and ensure that they are increasing their quality and output to become allocatively efficient. We have established that increased competition will inevitably result in increased output; however it will also increase external costs. For example in eco tourism, if output increases in visits to the rainforest this will cause a major increase in the number of negative externalities. Therefore in this case it would be beneficial to decrease the output of such visits in order to reduce negative externalities. In fact I would argue that a monopoly provider of eco tourism holidays would be the most beneficial for the environment as they might produce holidays at the social optimum level. Taking these factors into consideration I strongly believe that increased competition will force firms to think about how they can allocate resources efficiently but sometimes at a social cost. With SKY benefiting from technical economies of scale it could also be argued that by investing in HD and 3D boxes this has also allowed them to become dynamically efficient as their abnormal profits allow them to invest in research and development which allows them to increase output in the future with the same factors of production inevitably leading to monopoly power. This benefits consumers as they are able to consume greater output in the form of 3D and HD programmes or a wider range of channels in the future without the needed for greater factors of production. However, I could argue that this is not in fact them demonstrating greater efficiency as a result of increased competition but rather creating even more barriers to entry for other firms wishing to compete with them in the broadcasting market. It also could be questioned as to how much of their abnormal profits are actually being invested into research and development as I am aware that the majority of their profits goes to shareholders. Therefore I am led to believe that although theoretically SKYs monopoly power and the lack of competition they  face gives them the opportunity to be dynamically efficient; in reality it is questionable as to what will drive competition in the future. Although it could in fact be more competition that will drive future efficiency and not the abnormal profits of just a few firms. I strongly believe that increased competition is most likely to result in efficiency in the travel market as there are little barriers to entry that current travel agents are able to put up in order to stop competition affecting their profits. This is mostly due to the fact that the internet has allowed many new companies to set up online giving consumers the opportunity to compare prices directly; therefore increasing the need for travel agents to be allocatively efficient making the statement true. However I accept some may argue that if a firm is being allocatively efficient at a social cost they should not be considered to be allocatively efficient and therefore my judgment could be questioned. On the other hand when firms are not competing on price, like for example the BBC, an increase in competition is not likely to result in them becoming more efficient as decreasing their average cost is not likely to be a priority but instead they are more likely to need to increase the quality of their good or service. In theory I believe that the best way to ensure efficiency in the future is to invest in R+D (creating new barriers to entry like SKY) and the way to get firms to do this is increased competition. In reality this may result in negative externalities or potentially abuse of monopoly power and monopolies may often end up being inefficient in the long run.

Finance Shell - 1286 Words

Re: Global Equity Markets: The Case of Royal Dutch and Shell Structure: The Royal Dutch/Shell Group is different because it appears that it is functioning as a single company instead of two separate companies. Yet, they are functioning as two separate companies. The Shell Company in the Netherlands, the Shell Company in the UK and the Shell Petroleum Company in the USA all appear to be maintaining their own identities in their respective countries. The Royal Dutch and Shell Company share equally in the Shell Company in the Netherlands, The Shell Company in the UK and the Shell Company in the U.S. They are not separate companies since they are linked by corporate charter. There is a separation of the two entities on the holding†¦show more content†¦The third option would be to enter into a swap with the Wall Street firm. Net Payoffs: The case stated that the one way commission is 5cents per share. New York has a two way commission of 10 cents giving us a 25 cent commission. Shell (London) has 30 basis points for commission for small trades since we are going for a round trip the total basis points would be 60 plus the 50 basis points for the Stamp Tax. Shell was quoted a spread of .03 divided by 8.63 x 10,000equals 35 plus 03 plus 03 (going both ways gives us a total of 151 bps Royal Dutch (Amsterdam has a spread of 227.8 which is divided into .3 x 10000 giving us a 13 bps plus commission of 30 cents per share going both ways for a total of 60 cents per share and a FX spread of 06 (03 +03 ((down and back)) giving us a total of 79 per share. Buy/Sell Option The first arbitrage option will be 395,088 x 25 cents transaction cost =$98,772 You would then add the transaction cost in London $5000 x 151= $755,000 The total transaction cost for this would be $853,000. 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