The Dilemma: An Open Or Closed Pedagogy Essay -- Education Teaching Es

The Dilemma An Open Or Closed PedagogyWith lifelong effects, teachers impact the quantity, quality, and over every enjoyment of the educational experience. Their effect dilutes itself the classroom, into present life, and yet the future. In the classroom, they mold and guide youth in their lifelong quest to search for the truth and their experience voice in the world. Yet their influence does not stop at the classroom door. In fact, teachers have a profound impact on morals, creativity, and even politics. Teachers always have the power in the class, Christian Zawodniak discusses in , Ill Have To Help More Of You Than I Want To. They hold the grades and students usually perceive them as holding the knowledge too (Zawodniak 124). But how should a teacher exercise this bestowed power? Is a forced learning environment more beneficial or is a cooperative pedagogy more ample? With diverse students and unique learning needs, it is difficult to identify one or the other as more a dvantageous. However, I will attempt to explore the benefits and disadvantages of both, as well as how they can be combined or compromised in a delicate balance. Although I will strive to stay neutral and simply present the options, I may also occasionally include my own personal experiences.Hopefully in a purely unbiased fashion.Donald Lazere, Ground Rules For Polemicists, cuts that allTeaching is political and that no human can do anything nonpolitical because we would have to get totally outside ourselves and divorce ourselves of all our interests (Lazere 663). If this statement is true, consequently teachers are hardly immune and a truly unbiased classroom cannot exist because personal beliefs or opinions are bound to surface soone... ... others. As well, where their own voice came from and how to develop it more intensely. Further, an ideal pedagogy provides alternative definitions of the truth, not merely the one students have been absorbed by all of their lives. I contend this combination or compromise as the ideal learning environment for the student. Works CitedCheney, Lynne V. PC Alive and Entrenched. Andrea A. Lunsford and John J. Ruszkiewicz,The Presence Of Others Voices That Call For A Response. refreshed York St. Martins Press, 1997. (112-123).Lazere, Donald. Ground Work For Polemicists The Case Of Lynne Cheneys Truths. College English 59 (1997) 661-685.Zawodniak, Christian. Teacher Power, Student Pedagogy. Andrea A.Lunsford and John J.Ruszkiewicz, The Presence Of Others Voices That Call For A Response. New York St Martins Press, 1997. (124-132).

Colette Dowlings The Cinderella Complex: Womens Hidden Fear of Indepe

Colette Dowlings The Cinderella Complex Womens Hidden tending of IndependencyIn her book, The Cinderella Complex Womens Hidden Fear of Independency, Ms. Colette Dowling states her belief in a designate which she names the Cinderella complex, being an intricate system of beliefs put upon women which make them feel as if they must be submissive to the wills of others, seemingly less intelligent than they truly are. However, with a more detailed analysis of the tale of Cinderella, Dowling would take on realized that this is not a solely accurate naming of her discovered complex. But in order to prove this, we ourselves must take a closer look at the tale of Cinderella. In the classic version of Cinderella, that written by Charles Perrault, we are presented the image of a girl completely submissive to the will of her stepmother and of her sisters. Not quite flattering to the mod woman. However, let us examine the author and the circumstances surrounding his retelling of the story. C harles Perrault was a French nobleman, whose project was to collect tales from alone over the world and rewrite them in such a format as would make them suitable for his intended audience, namely the French court. In the world of royalty, it is the man who is truly important, the sole dissolve of his wife being to bear him children and make him look good in public. Perraults Cinderella is a perfect example of what, in the eye of his audience, would be considered the perfect wife. She was a hard worker, who never objected to anything that she was told. She was sweetness itself, according to Perrault, a perfect girl without a trace of animosity in her being--as is shown in her final treatment of her stepmother and sisters. She would ne... ...lking on our drive home from school, I said to her, if I were a girl, its not like I would turn 19 and suddenly say I have to get married now, its more like you know, maybe I am ready to get married. But she responded that its not that simple.. .that she felt pressured to get married quickly, because if she would wait, all the good husbands would be gone already. She also mentioned that girls who wait longer take on a status of being less than prime candidates for matches. This shows an evident outside(a) force acting on women to make them fear their own independence. (However, I cannot state the existence of such a condition in the same flair anywhere outside the American religious Jewish community.) Sarah was married on December 29th, and moved to New York three days later. So perhaps the condition would be more appropriately named the Sarah complex.

The Omnivore’s Dilemma: A Natural History of Four Meals by Michael Poll

The Omnivores Dilemma A Natural History of Four Meals by Michael Pollan, was a great read. I came into the adventure without much background regarding what kind of book it was going to be, and to my astonishment it was more of an educational journey than pages of force-fed beliefs. Michael Pollan has a writing drift that is both loose and intriguing and really kept my attention throughout. Having already read extensively concerning human nutrition and food, I am usually nescient when beginning such reads as this one, but I was very surprised that Mr. Pollan was very objective, in that this was seemingly a field trip and journey from surroundings to plate. I will begin this report with a summary of this great book and delve deeper into the thoughts that the literary family has of it. I will then go on to explain its importance in the development of environmental policy and impact, and end with my thoughts regarding the material and the interaction among social and environmenta l values and impacts presented by the author Michael Pollan. outlineThe book begins with the principal of What should we have for dinner? and stands to answer that question the rest of the way. Speaking directly of Americans, Pollan explains in-depth how the Nation tends to jump from fad to fad, first being frightened of carbohydrates, and then switching to fats, and so on. He goes on to explain where this thought process might have come from with the history of the Carter administration in 1977, as dietary goals were issued and the red meat lovers of America were warned to cut back. From that time on it has been an ever-changing lipo-, carbo-, phobia, with a cycle of weight loss and gain. With this question at hand, Michael Pollan begins to come down de... ...ormative history as he travels from the cornfields of Iowa, to the feedlot, to the forest floor in search of chanterelles, and then coming full circle to the dinner table. The information given is non always pleasant, but it is necessary for an informed eater in America to be aware of. The effects of knowing can cause us to be more responsible in what we are purchasing at the grocery store (and essentially voting for). He shows that making the correct decision to the question What should we have for dinner? can also be the choice that tastes the best and is the best for you.Works CitedKamp, D. (2006). Deconstructing Dinner. New York Times Sunday Book Review. 26 April 2006.http//www.nytimes.com/2006/04/23/books/review/23kamp.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0Pollan, M. The Omnivores Dilemma A Natural History of Four Meals. New York. Random. 2006. Print

Emily Grierson Living in the Past in William Faulkners A Rose for Emil

Emily Grierson Living in the Past in William Faulkners A move up for Emily In A Rose for Emily, by William Faulkner, Emily Grierson seems to be living with her father in what people referred to as the old South. However, most of the story takes place after the Civil War, but Miss Emily is clearly living in the past. As dilettante Frederick Thum pointed out, Many people are able to survive in the present, but give little or no thought to the future, and these people usually plump in the past. Such a mind is the mind of Miss Emily Grierson...(1). Miss Emilys comprehension of conclusion, her relationship with the townspeople, and her reaction toward her taxes are clear examples that she is living in the past. At the beginning of the story, the narrator tells the reader that our whole town went to her funeral(336). The narrator goes on and informs the reader that, She was a fallen monument...sig a tradition, a duty and a care a sort of hereditary obligation upon this town(Pierce 850 ). Miss Emily was referred to as a fallen monument because she was a monument of Southern gentility, and ideal of past values but fallen because she had shown herself susceptible to death (and decay (Rodriguez 1). By the time of Emilys death most of the people in her town were younger than she and had never been able to include her in their lives or union activities. She has stood mainly as a example of an honest-to-goodness ideal of Southern womanhood, even though she had grown fat and pale in her later years. The older and younger generations of townspeople treated Miss Emily differently. The older generation, under the mayoralty of Colonel Sartois, has relieved Miss Emily of her taxes and has sent its children to take... ...licts between them. Her refusal or inability to move out of this ground is reflected in her comprehension of death, her relationship with the townspeople, and her reaction toward her taxes. Works Cited and Consulted Faulkner, William. A Rose For Emily Lite rature and the Writing Process Eds. Elizabeth McMahan, Susan X Day, and Robert Funk. 4th Ed.Upper Saddle River Prentince Hall, 1996. Pierce, Constance, William Faulkner. minute Survey of Short Fiction Ed. Frank N. MaGill. 7 vols. Pasadena, California Salem Press, 1993 848-857. Rodriquez,Celia. An Analysis of A Rose for Emily. 9 Sept. 1996. 17 Mar. 1998 http//www.cwrl.utexas.edu/daniel/amlit/reader/South?radriquezerose.html Them, Frederick. A Rose for Emily Confusion of Past and Present. 2 Oct. 1995. 17 Mar.1998 http//sru.ocs.drexel.edu.undergrad/st93mey7/fred/rose.html

Friendship in Mark Twains The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn :: Adventures Huckleberry Huck Finn Essays

huckleberry Finn - Friendship   Mark Twain illustrates the theme of fellowship through the characters huckaback and Jim. Their friendship was created when Huck and Jim were put together due to common circumstances that take place throughout the novel. The friendship that was formed was constantly undergoing changes. Towards the end of the volume the relationship that once existed as a simple friendship grew in to a father and son relationship. Huck and Jim were tools that Twain used to show further how the theme of friendship developed.   Huck and Jim were both running a direction from society for one reason or another. Huck was running in order to leave out from the constraints of society and conformity, while Jim was trying to keep from being sold to another owner. At the time of their escape it was easy and convenient for the two of them to be together. The common raccoon run off the very night Huck Finn was killed...This quote explains what the two di d in order to get away from society. The pair decided the best way was to run away from it all.   Huck and Jims friendship undergoes many twists and turns along with the trip the two take down the Mississippi River. With each adventure their friendship grew stronger and deeper from their charge with the Duke and the King to the riverboat scene the friendship is built one building block at a time. Throughout the novel Jim makes references to the kindness that Huck shows him, but Huck seems oblivious to their new found friendship. Dah you goes, de ole true Huck de ony white genlman...(pg. 89) When Jim made this statement Huck realized just how much this friendship meant to Jim.   The friendship between Huck and Jim is constantly changing with the chain of events. The two characters encountered many things while floating along with the pace of the Mississippi, such as making decisions. In the novel Huck was forced to make the decision whether or not he would turn Jim in because it would be the, right thing to do because Jim was a run-away slave. It was a close place. I took...up the letter Id written to Miss Watson, and held it in my hand.

Cuzco :: essays research papers

The first place, on my exploration of time, I arrived was in Cuzco the come to of the Incan elaboration in the year 1505 A.D. Their was much to observe on arrival. The first thing one notices is that Cuzco is in the center of the four quarters of the Incan Empire, Tawantinsuyu. The surrounding four quarters or the four suyus were to the north Chincasuyu, to the west Cuntisuyu, to the east Anitsuyu, and to the south Chinasuyu the largest quarter. Cuzco sat at the center of these four quarters of the empire and served as the capital. This capital of the Incan Empire severed as a home to the political center of the Incas. The rich political and social system proven the most interesting to me as I stayed in Cuzco. The political system of the Incans proved rather ridged and complex. At the top of their society is the emperor moth. The Incan emperor was thought to be the a direct descendant of the sun god, Inti. The entire power of the Incan Empire belonged to its emperor. His system of checks and balances were that of their rich culture and of course the misfortune of his subjects revolting. The emperor had only one wife that was recognized though he had many concubines and hundreds of illegitimate children. Many of these children held the positions of advisors to the Emperor. The former(a) relatives of the Emperor and other Emperors before him held the other high posts in the government, religion, and military. The last few government officials were the high nobles of the lands conquered by the empire. The practice of nepotism obviously was embraced by this society.The division of power in this civilization was a remarkable system. The governors of each quarter, once again, were blood relatives of the Emperor. Each governor had ten district governors who oversaw approximately ten thousand subjects. The governors then had leaders of slightly one thousand people who reported to them. Each leader of these small villages then had a foreman who over saw one hundred Incans. This surgical procedure of division then ends in a series of low officials who would look over at least ten subjects1. This division the will of the emperor to be passed swiftly to the lowest members of society. The emperor allocated his resources, through this rigid division of the society, to become more economically and politically sound.

Cuzco :: essays research papers

The first place, on my exploration of time, I arrived was in Cuzco the center of the Incan civilization in the year 1505 A.D. Their was lots to observe on arrival. The first thing one notices is that Cuzco is in the center of the quadruple quarters of the Incan Empire, Tawantinsuyu. The surrounding four quarters or the four suyus were to the north Chincasuyu, to the west Cuntisuyu, to the east Anitsuyu, and to the south Chinasuyu the largest quarter. Cuzco sat at the center of these four quarters of the empire and served as the capital. This capital of the Incan Empire divide as a home to the political center of the Incas. The rich political and social system proved the most interesting to me as I stayed in Cuzco. The political system of the Incans proved rather ridged and complex. At the top of their society is the emperor. The Incan emperor was thought to be the a direct descendent of the sun god, Inti. The entire power of the Incan Empire belonged to its emperor. His system of checks and balances were that of their rich culture and of course the possibility of his subjects revolting. The emperor had only one wife that was accepted though he had many concubines and hundreds of illegitimate children. Many of these children held the positions of advisors to the Emperor. The other relatives of the Emperor and other Emperors before him held the other high posts in the regimen, religion, and military. The last few government officials were the high nobles of the lands conquered by the empire. The practice of nepotism obviously was embraced by this society.The division of power in this civilization was a remarkable system. The governors of each quarter, once again, were prodigal relatives of the Emperor. for each one governor had ten district governors who oversaw approximately ten thousand subjects. The governors then had leaders of about one thousand people who reported to them. Each leader of these small villages then had a foreman who over saw one hundre d Incans. This process of division then ends in a serial of low officials who would look over at least ten subjects1. This division the will of the emperor to be passed swiftly to the lowest members of society. The emperor allocated his resources, through this rigid division of the society, to become more economically and politically sound.

Operation and Strategy management for Ryanair Essay

IntroductionThe follow chosen in this report is Ryan argument in the airline application. Ryanair is a meek monetary value budget airline travelling across 1600 routes from 57 bases connecting 180 destinations in 29 different countries (Ryanair.com). Ryanair prototypal started its operations in 1985 in the midst of Ireland and London. The first year it shiftd around 5000 customers exactly the comp any really took off in 1990 when Michael O Leary was appointed the CEO of the partnership. The company was envisaged by its CEO Michael O Leary and transpose the Southwest airline model from America and brought it to Europe and since then the company has also embraced a no frills, low follow model where it plans to get their customers from A to B at the cheapest rate possible. This has revolutionised the travel industry and made travel cheaper and reliable inwardly Europe. Ryanair has a strong hold on commercialise in almost of the countries Europe with 44% in Ireland where i ts headquarters ar, followed by 23% to 21% in Poland, Italy and Spain (centreofavaiation.com). In the UK the company holds a modest 16% of the market with its overall customers estimated at 81.5 million for the year 2014. The company gets a stiff competition from Easyjet, Lufthansa, Aerlingus and Alitalia. These airlines try to follow the same model as well but Ryanair has been the leader by fargenerating revenues of 3.789 billion for the fiscal year 2013 with profits of 374.6 million.Figure 1 Market share of different airlines ( Source Centreofaviation.com) PEST abstractPolitical FactorsThe political factors tend to affect the airline industry the most if they are flying from one country to a nonher. In case of Ryanair, it only wing within the EU, thus there is no question of arising uncertainties. angiotensin converting enzyme factor which has helped the airline sector grow is deregulation. In 1978 the United States removed government curb over many aspects of air travel, in cluding fares and routes, in the Airline Deregulation Act (Liberty of Economics and Liberty). This shifted the power to the market sphere. Following the success of this, Europe completed their profess faze of deregulation by April 1997. This allowed passenger planes to fly between member states freely. Ryanair added several virgin routes to their repertoire after deregulation, victorious the opportunity to add routes to new parts of Europe and Scandinavia. A further form of deregulation came in March of 2008 when the EU and United States concord to let any city within each others territory fly between each other. This was called the Open Skies Agreement. Although Ryanair realise still to take full reward of this, they have announce their desire to start transatlantic flights at a very low cost to the consumer (RTE, 2007). This unprecedented step could shake the air flight market, increase the pile of passengers able to fly more than freely across the Atlantic and could have a knock on effect with Ryanairs transatlantic competitors, forcing a change in the market. In 2012 a new law was introduced where all flights coming to and from the EU had to buy their CO2 emission allowances, whereas before they were exempt from the Emissions Trading Scheme. umteen airlines have expressed their anger at their inclusion in the scheme, pointing to the fact that only 2% of global CO2 emissions are caused directly by air traffic. Many airlines have increased ticket prices to cope with the extra be incurred. Ryanair have passed on the cost to customers in the form of a 25c charge (Irishtimes.com) economicalDuring a deep recession Ryanair has flourished, recording a +18.71% 1 year return in 2012 ( Bloomberg, 2014) and announcing that it is Europes leading scheduled airline. In semblance to other airlines that are cutting jobs and have planes grounded, Ryanair are experiencing high demand and adding extra flights, creating new jobs for many sectors in their disdain, from pilots to sales and marketing people (RTE, 2007) One of the upmost problems facing the airline industry is the fluctuating oil prices. To compensate the rising oil prices most airlines have to put ticket prices up, which directly affects their customers. However, under the exceptional leadership of Michael OLeary, Ryanair has addressed the problem through hedging. Hedging could be termed as an agreement between the oil companies and the airlines where oil prices are agreed in advance. In Ryanairs case they have increased its fuel hedging capacity to 90% of its requirements (Centre of Aviation). This exceptional thinking by Ryanair gives them a cost cutting advantage over its competitors and thus still being able to offer its customers the same low fares which have been Ryanairs forte.SocialThe airline industry as per any other industry has to comply with the customers requirement to sustain in the market. A very god example that could be stated in this case is that of Ryanair, whereby, during the recession times when the unemployment grew to almost 15% and thus people did non have much money to spend, Ryanair gave its customers cheap flights to shift from one place to another taking away all the inflight luxuries. This has helped the airline grow even in the toughest times the economy has faced and thus also creating new jobs. But also to with stand the competition by other luxury airliners, Ryanair would offer its customers to book their cars and train tickets while booking their flights as it in general flies to secondary airports. This, therefore not only attracted middle class customers but also people on business. The airline industry especially in Europe has had a last few troublesome years due to natural disasters that have cost the company extensive amounts. To point out a few, the ash cloud in 2010 cost the company 29.7 million Euros (Irish times, 2011) and these are huge costs for the airline to bear and thus, to compensate these compensati on chargers Ryanair now chargers a 2 levy to compensate these claims in the future (Irish times, 2011).TechnologicalIn the current climate technology plays an important part in the airline industry. Firstly, with the increasing fuels costs, fuel efficient aircrafts can save the companies a substantial amount of money. Another way is the internet with the growth of internet all the companies use online publicizing to push the sales and television advertising is also second to none. The internet is also a medium where people look for cheap airline tickets. In the case of Ryanair, the company makes the utmost use of technology to cut the human involvement out and thus keeping the costs down. It has a very ripe online ticket booking system where 85% of its tickets are booked (Ryanair.com). In 2009, Ryanair introduces the self-service kiosks whereby the passengers can check in using the machine and thus taking the human element out of the equation. This service was already available fo r passengers travelling without luggage but it was now developed for the customers travelling with check-in luggage. This was a eccentric person and pin service developed in collaboration with Ingenico and thus gave the company a competitive advantage over its competitors and thus delivering low price flights for its customers (BBC News, 2009). cherish Chain AnalysisA firms competitive advantage could be determined by the value chain analysis. The value chain consists of essential and support activities. Understanding the companys linkage between the primary and secondary activities gives the companys business model and helps one understand the hugger-mugger of withstanding the competitive advantage.Figure 2 Value Chain Analysis modelIn the case of Ryanair, a clear linkage could be made between the inbound and outbound logistics in the primary activities to the Technology development in the support activity. Now, to obtain a clear understanding of this model, inbound logistics ar e the deals that the company is able to acquire from its suppliers on the promise of higher(prenominal) volumes. These include food, drinks, duty free goods, fuel which have to be delivered, stored and controlled on time as to rid of any delays for the aircraft. Ryanair, also puts a great deal ofeffort in its operations as it promises its customers a 25 minute turnaround period which could be one of its core competencies and for the company to do so all the inbound logistics should be delivered on time. This 25 minute turnaround period also, gives the company the advantage of flying two extra flights on the same route compared to its competitors and enables high aircraft utilisation. The company also offers nonstop direct services to its destinations and does not link with any other airline, thus giving them a timely departure from the airport and also avoiding the costs for through services for its passengers and does not have to rely on other flights coming on time to schedule th eir departures. This has helped them gain a competitive advantage over its competitors as 95% of Ryanairs flights are on time compared to 88% that of EasyJet. Ryanair also uses the regular Boeing 737 model of aircraft and thus, the company manages to get maintenance services and spares at a very minimum cost. This also reduces the cost of staff training and offers flexibility in scheduling aircrafts and crew assignments. On the outbound logistics, Ryanair operates to the secondary airports and thus have to arrange onward journey for their customers. They have teamed up with certain vehicle companies to give its business customers the advantage of that service however some of the routes are so obscure that these services cannot be provided constantly, a prime example are some of the Scandinavian routes.Thus, Ryanair has certain limits when acquiring the market share. On the contrary, Ryanairs competitor EasyJet does the opposite and flies to major airports and cities and thus paying higher landing charges which are then reflected in the fares for their customers. The advantage of flying to secondary airports is that Ryanair pay fewer chargers and they are also in a military position to bargain with the airport authority and get a deal that favours them and the secondary airports are less congested and thus turnaround times are much faster (Centre of Aviation), 2014). The inbound and the outbound logistics are coupled nicely with the technology to gain a competitive advantage over its competitors. Ryanair has tried to press out the human element as much as they can. They have introduced kiosks at the check-in desks for customers to check-in themselves at their own leisure. Thus, reducing staffing costs which is then reflected in the prices they charge their customers. The company does not invest much in advertising as well, the main advertising isdone through its very own website and 90% of the tickets are booked through the website as well( Ryanair.com). It only uses ticketing agents when theyre opening new routes and trying to venture into unknown markets otherwise it is the website that people book their tickets through. The company constantly monitors its planes minute by minute through its own website and thus, keeping the human element out and using its website for mainly everything saves them on an average 6 million a year (BBC news, 2014). Amongst all the competitive advantage the company have, the one that has not been mentioned is the good leadership of Michael O Leary and his ability to create a vision for the company. He has successfully managed to adapt to the change as and when required and adopt different model to envisage the change for the betterment of the company which has helped the business to grow.ConclusionTo conclude this report, Ryanair has emerged as a successful company since it was established in 1985. It had a few hiccups on the way for the first 5 years but since Michael O Leary took the reigns over in 1990 as the CEO the company has gone from strength to strength. Its success has been helped by the conducive nature of the industry and the outer elements within the airline industry. This industry has its threats but since the de regulation act and the expansion of EU, there have been a lot of commuters within these countries for business and leisure, thus this higher demand and low costs have helped Ryanair emerge as a low cost budget airline. Just because the company operates all its routes within the EU, it does not really have to deal with changing political factors and that it has always used them to their advantage. Ex. De regulation act and the open skies act even though the company has not started its flights to the US as of yet. The changing oil prices are a concern for every airliner but Ryanair counteracts through a process call hedging and uses the most advanced technology to remove the human element to curb the costs down for its customers and another reason for its succe ss even during recession is because it gave the customers cheap flights to commute taking the luxuries out which were the demands at that time. Ryanair has a competitive advantage by the virtue of its inbound activities and the outbound activities combined with the technologicalaspect of it. It uses the same standard Boeing so the costs are less and also, flying at secondary airports mean less landing charges and theyre also in a position to get a favourable deal for themselves from the airport authorities. The turnaround time is only 25 minutes as well and thus giving their customers more daily flights from the same destinations compared to its competitors.RefrencesBelobaba, P., Odoni, A., & Barnhart, C. (2009). The global airline industry. Hoboken AIAA, Inc Helm, C., & Jones, R. (2010). Extending the value chain A conceptual framework for managing the governance of co-created brand equity. The Journal of Brand Management, 17(8), 579-589. McCormick, T. (2010). Understanding costs u sing the value chain a ryanair example. Dublin Institute of Chartered Accountants In Ireland. Research and markets European low cost airline industry continues to prosper.(2004, argumentation Wire, pp. 1. Research and markets European low cost airline industry continues to prosper.(2004, Business Wire, pp. 1. Research and markets PEST analysis.(2003, M2 Presswire, pp. 1. RTE 2007.http//www.ryanair.com/doc/investor/2012/q1_2012_doc.pdfAccessed 20 March 2014. http//www.ryanair.com/en/about/ryanair-and-the-environmentAccessed 20 March 2014. Aviation, C. C. (2011, May 25). CAPA Centre for Aviation. Retrieved March 20, 2014, from Ryanairearnings up 26% but change in tack for 2012 http//www.centreforaviation.com/analysis/ryanair-earnings-up-26-but-change-in-tack-for-2012- http//www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/breaking/2012/0112/breaking26.htmlEdwards, N. (2012). http//investing.businessweek.com/research/stocks/ close/snapshot.asp?privcapId=27620789 accessed on 2/04/14. http//www.bbc.co.uk/n ews/magazine-22659822 accessed on 1/04/2014 http//www.air-passenger-rights.co.uk/tag/the-irish-times/ accessed on 5/04/14 http//wwwnews.live.bbc.co.uk/news/business-23487106 accessed on 10/04/14

A View From the Bridge

A View From The Bridge is a play that was first staged in 1955. It was written by Arthur milling machine. Arthur Miller was born into a Jewish family in New York in 1915, whose grandparents had come to America from Poland. When the family business failed, they moved to Brooklyn, where A View from the Bridge is set. There, Miller worked in a warehouse to earn money for his university fees. He began to write plays when he was in university and continued to write them after he graduated and became a journalist.In the play, stanchty dictates the razets very strongly as because of Eddies mixed emotions for Catharine he chooses to be more loyal to her than to all of his family. Miller shows the importance of loyalty through with(predicate) Eddie telling Catharine the Vinnie Bolzano story. Catharines reaction shows the audience that in Italy, family loyalty is the most important thing as Catharine is both shocked and horrified that Vinnie snitched on his take Uncle this is why she shock ingly says The kid snitched? .Miller uses this as an opportunity to tell the audience that the Italian American community is very loyal, which makes Eddies betrayal even more shocking. Because Vinnie snitched on his Uncle he could never show his face in public because every one despised and loathed him this is why Beatrice says I never seen him once again. This also shows that the Italian American Community has a very if you snitch on one of us, you snitch on all of us mentality.Another route that Arthur Miller portrays the importance of loyalty in the play is the references Eddie uses to Catharines Mother. this quote shows that Eddie tries to use the promise he made to Catharines Mother as an apologize for being so strict and this is why he says I promised your Mother on her death bed. This is why he doesnt want her operative in the dodgy part of town where as it is because of the emotions he feels toward Catharine and he doesnt want her to have another male figure in her deme anor who could be more important than he is.One of the most important scenes in the play is the Phone Call scene which shows Eddie changing his loyalties from his family and friends, to just Catharine. portion out me the number for the immigration bureau this shows Eddie doing what Vinnie Bolzano didand snitching on Marco and Rodolpho, he does this because of the mixed and confusing emotions he feels for Catharine. Miller also uses stage irections in the scene such as A phone booth begins to glow on the opposite side of the stage a faint, lonely blue I think that Miller uses the light on the phone booth to show the audience the conflict going on in Eddies head to loose every thing (his family and friends friendship, love, verify and loyalty) but keep Catharine for himself When the immigration officers arrive at the house, Eddie looses the respect and loyalty from his family.Beatrice realizes what Eddie has done when she saysMy God, what did you do? . She is completely shocked and horrified as Eddie was a loyal and family orientated man. Miller uses this quote to show the audience that Beatrice is astounded and aghast that Eddie has chosen Catherine over her, even though she is his wife.Marco is furious with the fact that Eddie has just destroyed any chance of him getting an American citizenship, this now means that Marco wouldnt be able to get a well paid job and weather his family back in Italy. This is why he says That one He killed my children That one stole the food from my children this is because although Eddie hasnt directly murdered Marcos family, his actions will mastermind to Marco getting deported and he wouldnt be able to give his family money to buy food and they would consequently die.The audience would be shocked by what he is saying as he is insulting Eddie who Miller has made out to be the confused character who although he is doing something terrible he thinks that he is doing it for the slump reasons, and the audience would therefore feel sorry for him. Miller uses the loyalty theme to show the weakness of men, Eddie betrays his family and community because of the mixed emotions he feels for Catharine

The Folly of Rewarding a While Hoping for B

The Folly Of pay backing A, While Hoping for B Case Study everyplaceview In this case synopsis we shall be examining the unintended contradictory results that reward ashess bring about and recommendations in solving the issues highlighted Problem Statement Many Problems in Organizations are created because of Faulty Incentives and damage reward constitutions that are setup to accomplish one thing but actually does the opposite. While Mangers complain about lack of want in their workers, they competency as well consider the possibility that the reward systems theyve installed are paying off for the opposite.Directly linked to these Faulty Incentive and flawed Systems are place issues with 1) Employee Motivation, 2) Reward Systems, 3) Expectation/Misaligned Perception and 4) Biasness in Decision making that are deeply rooted as a causative agent in the Flawed system Hypothesis 1)Misaligned Perception/Expectation Process Perspective A look at fair play theory and Expectancy T heory in taste the expected outcome perceived by employee as related to behavioral attitude towards rewards systems )Employee Motivation which is dependent on the effectiveness of its reward system As pointed out by MASLOW HIERACHY OF NEEDS and HERZBERGS TWO-FACTOR theory of Motivation highlight the effect of rewards both real(a) and intangible on behavior 3) Weak or Poor decision Making As shown by biasness of the community in electing Public service official, even in the face of the right option for authorization/election 4) Poor execution of instrument and attitudes In Most Companies is caused by its reward systems, not the workforce.Analysis As Pointed out by Expectancy theory that People grade choices about behavior based on their expectation of what is likely to happen in terms of effort leading to performance and performance leading to craved reward. On the other hand Equity Theory Points out that those Perceptions about reward systems matter. From Equity Theory, if the Ratio of someones outcome/input is correspond to someone elses proportionality, equity exists.But if not, inequity exists and the theory suggests that People are motivated to reduce their Contribution in some way According to Equity theory, outcomes from a Job include pay, recognition, promotions, social relationships and intrinsic rewards. To get these rewards, the case-by-case makes inputs to the job such as time, effort, experience e. t. c and compares it to someone elses ratio of contribution. Thus the Individual behavior is affected by his or her Perception than the actual reality.In Sports, An underpaid Basketballer will be discouraged in developing teamwork skill. in golf club to make up for any inadequacies, Expecting that Scoring will Increase his or her earnings at the detriment of the team success. Similarly, if this player perceives that future rewards might be compromised such player will reduce his or her commitment in response to his feeling of inequity towards th e Team success. Thus it is discovered that people usurp into account Equity and expectation about future rewards in their choice of behavior.Taking a look further points out that Many rewards systems discourage desired behaviors term rewarding the very action that causes problems. Managers obviously design reward systems to motivate people to behave in certain ways, yet reward systems do not always produce the expected results. For example In World War II troops were committed for the duration unless killed or invalided. They had a strong motivation to hasten the end of the war. Allied troops in the Vietnam War had a tour of a year or less. Their self interest was not fasten to the end of the war.While their governments wanted them to focus on winning the war, their rewards were linked to looking after themselves. Not to their opponents. They were at that place for the duration. Evidence of a Reward System which encourages setback behavior muckle also be traced to the Health I ndustry . Looking at a health System where Patients bear little or no cost, we shouldnt be surprised when doctors over test and over treat illness, and nothing is done to curtail this action, because the Patients have no incentive to resist the doctors actions.For doctors at that place may be some direct financial gain from over servicing. More important though is the possible costs and professional damage from malpractice suits. Over servicing diminishes the chance of facing such suits, or losing them if they occur. 3) Evidence of how a poor decision making Process has stereotyped and created a partiality that prevents fair game consideration of an issue or situation is seen in Politics. This is a state of being BIAS Most of us want honest politicians who tell us clearly what they will do in office, then stick to that once study.The actual reality is that politicians dont behave that way, yet they get elected by our vote and we sustain this reward system. Also, we expect our pu blic service to do the best it can with the community resources available to it. Yet there is usually great mismanagement in the public sector, Yet nobody act to resolve this issue or call the minister to order because it will molest the governments standing and may cost it votes. This portrays a consequence of a community supported reward system unavoidably biased against sizeable public sector management. )Financial incentives are designed to provide direct motivation do this and you will get that while at the same time can spell doom. For Example giving a Psychiatrist a higher payment for condemning someone to be incapacitated at the expense of an individual being competent, the psychiatrist can be motivated by the higher pay. This Financial reward can therefore serve as a tangible form of motivation 4) Since some people expect that a certain level of effort will lead to certain levels and types of performance.In turn, people develop expectations that a given level and type o f performance will be rewarded or punished Recommendations Since Organization design are changing in response to a changing world, it is thus imperative to look at an alternative way of reward system, one that benefits all and eliminate the problem introduced by the traditional, conventional come out to reward system. While I Write that there is no one cap fits all solution, also interesting is how the recommendations from each case study analysis somehow tend to be applicable to other case study analysis treated earlier in the classAn effectively planned and administered reward system can improve motivation and performance. 1) Starting from the Issues Introduced by the Expectancy perspective and equity Perspective. An Effective manager can help his or her Organization to pick up both equity issues and expectancies. This might involve framing the situation for someone, so that his or her perceptions more closely mirror the Managers perception of reality. Managers constantly need to brighten performance and be able to measure the attractiveness of rewards to employees. ) Effective Reward Systems should focus on positive reinforcement. Positive reinforcement is the most effective weapon for encouraging desired behavior because it stimulates people to take actions because they want to because they get something of value (internally or externally) for doing it. An effectively designed and managed reward program can fill an organizations change process by positively reinforcing desired behaviors. The question to ask at this point is how to build an Effective reward system.By taking the five travel listed below, an effective reward system could be achieved Timely. The recognition/rewards should be provided frequently enough to make performers feel valued for their efforts. Achievable. The employees or groups goals should be within the run of the performers Meaningful. The achievements rewarded should provide an important return on investment to both the perfo rmer and the organization. Specific. A line of sight should be maintained between rewards and actions.Reliable. The program should choke according to its principles and purpose. 3) Performance Management. Organizations should concentrate on the process of managing performance and get away from thinking of the annual performance appraisal process as performance management. The process of performance management reflects how the work gets done and creates the environment in which people feel valued for their achievements. The performance management process includes four decisive componentsI) A Focus on what is important to change or be improved. II) A Measures to determine whether and how much progress is being achieved. III) Feedback so that performers will realise whether and how much progress is being achieved. IV) Reinforcement so that everyone celebrates achievements as they are being unfolded. 4) Clear Communication. Managers should clarify what they mean by performance so that there wont be misalignment and such that employees would understand how they can support what the manager is trying to accomplish. CONCLUSIONSince reward system cannot be eliminated from the organization system and people tend to do what they perceive will be rewarded, the solution presented here require a shift in every facet of reward system practice. Also worthy to note is that since reward system will keep evolving, some systems being implemented such as broad striation i. e increment in the pay steps within a specific Job title without a promotion and cafeteria-Style Benefits i. e. Ability to allow employees to select from a menu of benefits. Will need to be designed in such ways that makes them Nimble and Flexible.

ADDIE

The train outgrowth includes three main steps for a saucily employee 1- Induction Course This course conducted for the new employee to devil him/her familiar with the Meanys basic issues like 1- Code and ethic 2- Safety and health policy 3- legislating 4- Employee hand book 5- Process manual (SOP) All the previous Issues should be summarized In manuals by the HER department depending on the blood line description.These manuals should be handed to the new employee to read them and become more familiar with the company codes and procedure Instead of leaving the new employee to ask other employee. 2- Orientation The second step in the training process is to make the new employee more familiar with the company working purlieu which d sensation at cardinal main takes 1- 1st class this program includes a Job rotation in deferent company sections for short periods, where the new employee awareness increased about the company operation. 2nd platform In this program the new employe e observe the work in his section to learn how the work is done form his/her colleague, after that the new employee handled the new Job under observation. 3- Performance Appraisal (result) In this step the result from procedure appraisal practice sessiond to assess the strength and weakness of the employee and decide what type of training Is needed to Improve his/ err weakness and benefit from his/her strength.Type of training 1- Managerial Training 1- Time management 2- Problem Solving 3- Leadership 4- Report authorship 2- Technical According to technical necessitate 3- Behavioral 1- Conflict management 2- Dealing with customer 3- Stress management Level of Training Organizational take training is needed here to achieve the company strategic 2- Company expansion 2- Task level according to Job description 3- Personal level according to single employee strength and weakness.For example if the employee is weak in time management, so he/she need time management raining. For exampl e if the employee have leadership attitude we can benefit from his/her strength by giving him/her leadership training. Transfer of learning into workplace needs 1- Management Support 2- Work environment the work condition and tools EDDIE EDDIE is instructional design model that can be utilizationd to build training program for the company .Now lets see how we can use EDDIE model in the training process 1- Analysis A good analysis of the company situation and its employee knowledge, skill and ability can provide central information about the training needs for the organization at three levels (organization, task, in the flesh(predicate)) The analysis phase of EDDIE model contain main four steps 1- instructional cultures here we need to decide what is the finishing of our training program according to the organization needs?The goal can be at any level (organizational, task, individualised) for example at the organization level the goal can be improve the employee knowledge, s kills and ability to achieve ISO excellence, or it can be at the personal level improve the time management skills, or at the skills level like how to weld iron. 2- Instructional analysis here we need to define exclusively the steps accessory to achieve the instructional goals, if our instructional goal was to learn an employee how to weld iron the steps can be 1. Clean and prepare the sword that need to be welded 2. Ware safety equipment 3.Turn on welding machine 4. Weld Joint slowly 5. Clean the Joint after welding 3- bookman Analysis here we need to understand what already the learner knows instead of give him/her a training that he/she does not need. This can be effectuate by studding the avail suitable employee knowledge and skills that they have and decide what the necessary training that they need is. 4- Learning Objectives here we need to build a learning object glass of the training, it include what the employee should be able to do after taking the training. Suppose th at our training was how to weld iron, the objective should be 1 . Scribe the welding process (ability) 2. List the needed welding equipment (Knowledge) 3. Ability to weld in three different technique (skill) 4. List type of irons that can be welded (Knowledge) 2- figure of speech 1- Design Assessments here we create an sound judgment tools to assess if the learner and ability has been improved. In other world we need to break dance if the training aerogram has achieved its goal that has been decided in the analysis stage consider the learner knowledge, skills and ability, thus the idea is not to trick the learner but to make for sure that the goal has been achieved.And this tool can be used later to check the effectiveness of the training program and decide what aspect of the training need to be improved. The assessment tool can be a paper test (multiple choice) or practical test (demonstration of using a machine). 2- Choose a Course change here we need to decide the medium by which the course is presented to the learner, it can e a class room, through internet, printed secular or a combination. 3- take in an Instructional Strategy here the instructor has to decide how to deliver the training, thats including the following tools and learning component Tools learning Component 1.Lectures 2. Reading 3. Projects 4. Discussion 5. Activities 1 . Pre-limitations activity motivate the learner by showing the value of the training(how will benefit them), show the course objective. 2. Content Presentation direct to the objective with examples 3. Learner corporation enable the student to reactive their new information and provide them with feedback. 4. Assessment Quizzes 5. Follow Through Activity review main all the training material to provide the student holistic view. Develop 1- Create a sample create a sample of the basic instruction martial depending to the previous two phases of EDDIE (analyze, design) to make sure that is consistent with the organizatio n needs and objective. 2- Develop the Course Material after the management approve that sample of the training build the titan the material with depth 3- Conduct a Run-through run a rehearsal using all the media and material hat has been created to get a feedback and make sure everything is k. Implementation 1- Training the Instructor most of the time the one who develop the training program is also the one who teach the training, but in case the instructor is different personae than the training developer, the instruct should be trained on the course material 2- Prepare the Learners here the instructor has to make sure that the learner should have the need tools and knowledge to attend the training like prerequisite, material needed, time to attend the training. Arrange the Learning Space room, chairs, tables, and projector. Evaluation 1- plastic Evaluation (at each stage of EDDIE) The evaluation should be done through each phase of the EDDIE model. 1 . One-to- evaluation This evaluation done one to one between the instruct and the learner to check the effectives of the material to check its 1. Clarity of the material is the material clear and easy to Feasibility of the material how practical is the material. 2.Small root word Evaluation same as the above but for group(Clarity, Impact, Feasibility) 3. Filed trial evaluation here we create real time rehearsal and check if the learners are able to utilize their raining to deal with the situation. (Clarity, Impact, Feasibility) 2- Assumptive Evaluation (at the end of the training) the purpose of this evaluation is to prove the worthiness of the training by evaluation the outcome of 1. answer getting the reaction of the learner about the training using agree-disagree. . Learning knowledge (test), skills ( achievement test ), 3. Behavior test in actual situation to check if the learner using the new knowledge and skills 4. Result how does the training does affected the organization in profit, productivity , moral, Job satisfaction Performance management is a preparation of activities and evaluations that ensure the company is being effective and efficient in the process of meeting its goals and it is ongoing process that evaluates day-to-day performance.It analyzes different elements inside the company structure, such as the 1- performance of the overall company, 2- performance of a specific department, 3- performance process, product or service 4- performance of employee Managers and supervisors act as coach by setting realistic goals and encouraging the employee to achieve these goals, then measuring the result daily or weekly Performance management methods are more flexible than Performance appraisal, and its parameters more tangible concentrate on what an employee can realistically achieve in a day of work.Performance appraisal is intended to measure the performance of employees inside the company for a year. Performance appraisal can be considered as a single step in manageme nt performance-a step that focuses on the employees past performance. Managers and supervisors act as Judge for the employee work performance by identifies weaknesses and strengths of the employee and set a plane to improve his knees ability utilizing his strength. Performance appraisal use structured and formal method in evaluating the employee, these evaluations consist of specific measures at specific area and they based on the company goals.Performance appraisal sets a mellow performance measurement to show employees what is expected and encourage them to meet those expectations. Performance management process is a systematic process that contains the flowing component 1- think (Setting expectations) planning means setting performance expectations and goals for groups and individuals to achieve the company goals. Getting employees involved in the planning process will service of process them understand the goals of the organization, what needs to be done, why it needs to be d one, and how well it should be done.Also this step measurable, understandable, and achievable. 2- Monitoring performance Monitoring well means continually measuring performance and providing ongoing feedback to employees and work groups on their progress toward reaching their goals. 3- Developing. Developing means improve the capacity to perform and this can be done by addressing the developmental needs of their employees by training and improve the irking process to become more effective and efficient. 4- Rating.Rating meant rating the employee against performance standard by summarize employee performance, this rating help the manger compare the performance over time or between the employee 5- Rewarding. Rewarding means rewarding good performance and this can be by day-to-day recognition (like say thank you) or it can yearly like cash and time off. It Lifelong, self-monitored process of career planning that involves choosing and setting personal goals, and formulating strategies f or achieving them. Employer The employer should build a career management program thats meet present and future needs of the company.Retirement Plans How long I must be employed in front you qualify to participate in retirement plans? Vacation and Paid Time Off How long is the yearly vacation? What is the standard time for the vacation? handicap Insurance Does this company have disability restitution? Does the company have stock options? My benefit package that I will negotiate is Medical insurance from the first degree, and it should include my family and my parents. Dental Insurance A bonus at the end of the year that does include at least two months salary. 30-day yearly compensable vacation.

Communication between countries

Communication between countries has become one of the most important things for country leaders to consider. However, some throng think that regular conversation can lead to a mixture of conclusion that whitethorn cause nicety collapse. Actually, communication between countries cannot be avoided in modern society. Also, culture ordain always disappear when time passes as young multitude are less concern about culture. Besides, communication can create new culture that can lead the world to a more platonic place that all people can live together without much culture differences Firstly, we get communication and diversity between countries.Different countries have different culture. Without communication, the country is over closed that may cause Brobdingnagian disaster. Just like China during pouf Dynasty when the empire decided to close the gate of trade, she really closed a most convenient way to develop and gain power. Finally, the whole country was nigh defeated by the foreign enemies. From the lesson taught by Chinese peoples blood, we cannot stop communicating between countries. Secondly, culture collapse is not mainly caused by communication. When ages pass, all antiquated things will level(p)tually disappear s these are not what young people interested in.Therefore, when more old people have gone, less people are familiar with it even it Is their own culture, until finally when they realize it. At that time, those people actually need other similar culture to complete their lost(p) part. From time to time, the thing that some called culture collapse occurs, but it is Just a way for people to maintain their culture. Last but not least, it is line up that many cultures have huge differences that a little action may cause huge misunderstanding. For example, the same gesture made In China mode K means money in Japan and also means affront In Brazil.As a result, because traveling has become one of the most outstanding entertainments, so we ne ed to accept different culture from communicating between countries. Although there are many religions In the world, their mall purpose Is the same which Is to wee-wee people belief, to prevent them giving up when meeting difficulties as they believe gods are helping them, and to lead them In the right way with appreciation. In that case, even countries have a variety of culture the mixture of culture can actually Improve the ultra and make It better.In conclusion, communication between countries cannot be stop as not only countries need It, culture needs It, too. It may cause culture change Its original, but It Is no doubted that the communication Is helping the culture and lower the speed of culture collapse. Communication between countries By Rose-Wang have gone, less people are familiar with it even it is their own culture, until finally huge misunderstanding. For example, the same gesture made in China means K means money in Japan and also means affront in Brazil.As a result, because revealing has become one of the most important entertainments, so we need to many religions in the world, their main purpose is the same which is to give people helping them, and to lead them in the right way with appreciation. In that case, even countries have a variety of culture the mixture of culture can actually improve the culture and make it better. In conclusion, communication between countries cannot be stopped as not only countries need it, culture needs it, too. It may cause culture change its original, but it is no doubted that the communication is helping the

Plato and the Concept of Knowledge Essay

Platos Theaetetus is a dialogue that discusses and attempts to find a definition of knowledge. The two characters, Socrates and Theaetetus, approach the argument with the initial root that knowledge is the addition of a true judgment and an aim. However, Socrates raises some concerns regarding the fundamental aspects that make the definition true. Ultimately, the two characters find that their original definition of knowledge is not as accurate, nor as simple as they once believed. The article opens with Theaetetus recalling a definition of knowledge he once heard, which stated true judgment with an account is knowledge and is therefore knowable, and the kind without an account falls outside the sphere of knowledge and is therefore unknowable (126). Socrates begins to question ones ability to determine whether something is or is not knowable, and he demonstrates the concept using the relationship between elements and coloniales.In doing so, he explains a recent dream of his, which , in turn, is actually an explanation of dreaming Theory. Dream Theory states that the primary elements, of which we and everything else are composed, have no account. Each of them itself, by itself, can only be named (126). In other words, as elements cannot be broken down further, elements cannot have an account because that would require the determining of whether or not the said elements exist. The addition of that information onto the original element itself results in something that is no longer in its simplest form. Therefore, no elements can have accounts, nor can they be knowable elements can only be perceived. Consequently, this poses the question as to whether or not complexes are knowable given that their elements are not.When complexes are viewed as the sum of all their elements, it is safe to conclude that the complexes are unknowable, as their elements are unknowable. This idea allowed Socrates to past consider whether complexes were mere sums or if they should inst ead be viewed as wholes that cannot be dissected into parts. However, the problem with this idea is that, when viewed as a whole that cannot be separated, the complex is then no different than an element, and therefore cannot have an account.After failing to determine what does and does not have an account, Socrates decides to turn his attention to determining what constitutes an account. First, he defines it as stating ones judgment through speech. Immediately, this manifests flaws in the sense that any true statement could then be considered an account. If this were the case, there would be no differentiation between an account and a true judgment. Next, he defines an account as listing the elements of the things known.Again, this must be incorrect because the possibility exists that one could simply learn the elements without actually understanding them. Without understanding, one cannot have knowledge. Finally, he defines an account as differentiating the known thing from ever ything else. This would require knowledge of the differences, and ultimately would again be a reiteration of the true judgment. Additionally, one would be defining knowledge as true judgment plus knowledge, which would be considered a fallacy.This marks the final bend point in Socratess and Theaetetuss overall definition of knowledge, where the two characters decide that their initial definition could not be considered correct. Through their attempts to dissect the conjectural explanation of knowledge, Socrates and Theaetetus finally reach the conclusion that knowledge is neither perception, nor true judgment, nor an account added to true judgment (133).

Bell Jar Analysis

Sylvia Plaths semi-autobiographical original The Bell excite employs many of the same confessional techniques and themes of her poetic work. While the figment is confessional, it is also provides sociological commentary (and insight) into the processes of medical treatment and the social ostracization and victimization of the psychically ill.A basic technique used in the novel, by Plath, is to present a seemingly normal man and then, by behavior of internal monologue and character development, allow the reader to glimpse a highly studied and cautiously described portrayal of the way that cordial disease impacts both society and the individual.By expressing a personal brushing with metal nausea, Plath, done the character of Esther, presents a case study in clinical depression and bipolar disorder without resorting to clinical diagnoses or psychological manner of speaking or theories. Instead, her literary interpretation of mental illness functions to expand the clinical s tudying of mental disorders by providing cognitive insight into the experienced phenomena of mental illness.The spread line of the novel It was a queer, sultry summer, the summer the electrocuted the Rosenbergs (Plath, 1) reveals the novels essential theme and contravene that of the individual who stands outside looking in with regard to their society it is a theme of psychological quite a than physical exile, though Esther identifies, via the powerful verb electrocuted, with the physical suffering of the Rosenbergs who were tried and executed for espionage and treason.Because the central conflict in the Bell Jar is internal, Plath constructs a dynamic and multi-faceted character whose preoccupations range from fashion, to dating, to the themes of great literature and to the essential meanings of intent and death. Throughout the novel more is sh have than told that is, Plath refrains from divulging information about Esther directly instead, she constructs scenes which transmit t he internal character conflicts through symbol and metaphor. A clinical diagnosis of Esthers mental illness toilette be made by deeply exploring the literary techniques of the novel.The novels plot is relatively simple a young, ambitious, and very talented woman wins a summer internship as a big-time new-fangled York magazine. While in New York, the young woman, Esther, suffers a series of unpleasant and often dangerous situations, begins to feel sense of hypocrisy and unhappiness in herself and in the world of glamour-publishing and seems to rebel against this hypocrisy (and finish upism) by quitting her internship and throwing her expensive wardrobe out of her hotel window.Then, after returning to the suburbs to live with her mother, and failing to begin both her hoped-for novel and her college thesis, Esther begins to act increasingly erratically and self- negatively, severing her relationships and losing touch with her own creativity and ambition, until she is referred to a psychiatrist. Esther, however, is not psychologically unstable due to weakness or deformation this is work from the novels portrayal of her as a bright and shining and talented golden daughter who wins poetry prizes and scholarships and is dating a medical student and writing term papers on Joyce.After creation treated with electroshock therapy, Esthers condition and crisis become more and more severe until she attempts suicide, is saved, and sent to a mental hospital where she again receives electroshock therapy. The novel fails to provide any concrete resolution to Esthers crisis, and in doing so, avoids making any determination about the benefits of Esthers clinical diagnoses and treatment.However, the emotional arc of the record can certainly be said to move toward the positivistic and there argon potentialities and capacities that are reinstated into Esthers character after her treatment. To fully understand the process of Esthers breakdown (and apply a clinical diagnosi s), the reader must read deeply into the novel and consider deeply the relationships of the characters and the cross-ties adn relationships which fluctuate, not to the rhythms of a traditional novels story-arc, scarcely to the weird rhythms of Esthers own mental illness.In fact, the narrative is structured very similarly to a poem in that metaphorical and symbolic expression necessitate the essential dynamics of the storys themes at a far more attenuated level than the conventional storytelling elements of plot, conflict, and resolution. Of the latter, Plath prominently avoids classical execution for example, The Bell Jar posits no clear antagonist, no externalized central conflict, and refrains from set-closure at its climax. This is a way by which the clinical diagnosis of Esthers diagnosis can be made.Her initial relationships portrayed in the novel include a mentor in New York, the editor Jaycee, an older sister hotshot named Doreen, a fiancee named Buddy, and a literary ment or and benefactress named Philomena Guinea who was is a wealthy, famous novelist. Each of the relationships reflects an manifestation of the healthy personality ambitious, creative, socially engaged, and creative. Also, Esthers erotic drive, while never posited in the novel as solvable decreases until she is able to view sex as only an oppressive act against women.As Esthers subscribe worsens, each of the relationships is severed. The clinical diagnosis which seems most applicable to Esther Greenwood would be that of clinical depression and a bipolar personality. Interestingly enough, bipolar disorder is often associated with creative bewares and artists. read at one level, The Bell Jar describes the engagement of the fine mind in modern society as well as the plight of the artistic mind gripped by clinical mental illness.The key to separating where the individualist, the artist and rebel lies in Esther Greenwood and where the madwoman, the victim of a clinical mental illness l ies is to apply rigorous methodology to the explication of the novel as a piece of literature. atomic number 53 such scene, which is representative of this technique used throughout The Bell Jar, is the scene when Esther, having traveled to new York upon gentle an internship at a famous fashion magazine, throws her expensive wardrobe out of her hotel window.The wind made an effort, but failed, and a cream offlike shadow sank toward the roof garden of the opposite penthouse (Plath, 90). Such compressed and highly symbolic language forwards both character development (Esther is mentally unstable) as well as foreshadowing with the bat representing death and Esthers ultimate plunge into attempted suicide. There is no gaiety in the scene, which if in evidence would suggest a triumphant rejection of the superficialities described in the novel about the fashion-district of New York and Esthers experiences there.Instead, a sens of doom pervades, along with a sense of self-destruction and psychological instability set up by piece, I fed my wardrobe to the night wind, and flutteringly, like a recognized ones ashes, the gray scraps were ferried off, to settle here, there, exactly where I would never know, in the dark hart of New York. (Plath 91). This single scene stands as emblematic of Esthers (and Plaths) essential plight that of the bipolar personality and the label toward attempted suicide.The scene also represents the symptomatic progression of full-blown bipolar personality disorder which is characterized by depressive episodes and suicidal obsessions. The combination of high-achievement, goal-setting, ambition, creativity, task-setting, and personal expression with an equally profound sense of purposelessness, meaninglessness, lack of energy, lack of sex drive, and plummeting self identity and a plummeting sense of self-esteem are compressed brilliantly into the above-described scene. By explicating the symbolism deeply, the bipolar disorder is easily unco vered.The feelings Esther has of not being able to connect with her life, of not comprehending her society or valuing her interpersonal relationships are aspects of the acute depressive crisis which marks the depressive extreme of the bipolar disorder. The novel describes how an acute depressive episode can lead to suicide even when treatment is being administered. The treatment which would seem most applicable for Esther Greenwood by modern diagnostic processes is not that which is provided for her in the novel electroshock therapy.Rather, what is indicated is that Esther should be treated with psycho therapy, primarily, with possibly the inclusion of certain, limited medication. The inclusion of family-centered therapy, social rhythm therapy, and cognitive therapy along with medication would provide the better hope for Esthers clinical recovery. However, the process of metal disorder described in the novel is mush wider, frequently more comprehensive than even modern therapies would seem to be an adequate redress for although even a slight improvement in prognosis would probably have saved Esther from suicide.In order to restore and build up hern creative gifts and reinstate her standing in society, the clinical treatments might at least give Esther an gallery toward a healthy rather than self-destructive life. So carefully designed is Esthers portrayal in The Bell Jar, that the reader stands an ever-increasing chance of identifying as deeply with Esthers plight as Esther herself seems to identify with the plight of the Rosenbergs.In other words, the last thing which is intimated in the novel is that Esther bears any personal responsibility for her mental illness or the social stigmas that are attached to it. In fact, I personally do not belive that there was anything Esther could have done or should have done to prevent her collapse. From rape to institutionalized chauvinism and the saint-whore syndrome, Esther experiences a multitude of the sociologi cal injuries borne against women in America.She also, as a poet, stands for the sociological persecution of artists and the cultural misunderstanding of their sensitivities. Throughout the novel, Esthers internal dialogue and descriptions of situations stands in bold contrast to the mundane and often mean or stolid dialogue and observations of the novels minor characters. In addition to these deeper, more socially and politically animate themes, The Bell Jar captures intimate details of middle-class adolescence the struggle to succeed, the position often social outcast, and the cruelties and injustices of love and eroticism.This is why The Bell Jar is such an important novel because it places an intimately personal, yet universal, protagonist in the grip of what modern psychology and modern psychiatry understand as a clinical mental illness. Rather than approach the topic clinically, Plath approaches the theme poetically and confessionally and draws the reader into a closes ident ification with Esther Greenwood. The result is that the alive(p) reader, even one who is familiar with the clinical processes of bipolar disorder, will recognize a personal plight beneath the level which is clinically descriptive.The readers identification with Esther then takes the form of first hope, then skepticism, about the clinical treatments (and practitioners) which are engaged ostensibly in working for Esthers recovery. Whether one reads the central theme of The Bell Jar as one of individuality and the alienation from modern society or as a literary portrayal of a clinically defined mental disorder, the conclusion that individuals who suffer from mental illness are both victimized and stigmatized in modern society is clear.My personal feeling is that Esther Greenwood is far more of a universal character than many would like to belive and that her portrayal in The Bell Jar indicates both the destructive influence of mental illness and the destructive influence of modern soc iety which is revealed to be both far-flung and institutionalized. References Plath, Sylvia The Bell Jar Bantam Books New York NY 1971.

Treasury Management Essay

Section 3 Treasury Management 3.01 Introduction How is the foreign transmute exposure on individual transactions be managed by the sharpen of pay? 3.03 Banking Facilities / Funding Is the approval of the regional finance director sought-after(a) ahead opening a new account (either an account in a new bank or a new account in the subsisting bank) or for any new source of finance such as new bring, new credit facility, renewal or increase in existing credit facilities?Is any approval from the regional finance director and or regional managing director sought before pledging of assets to bank? 3.04 Cash Management What is the limit of the maximum cash and or cash equivalents? Is this more than than average sales ratio of 5 age? i.e. average sales ratio of 5 days = budgeted sales for the year x 5 260 days (52 weeks x 5 days) 3.05 Cash Flow Does the head of finance prepare a cash flow forecast for the following two months to determine whether the loan can be settled within two mo nth or not?Does he excite a cash flow statement to DIC AP on monthly basis? 3.06 Foreign Exchange deed Are the inflows and outflows in each non local currency greater than JPY 10,000,000 covered with forward foreign exchange contracts? Is the quantum of all future inflows and outflows and the status of hedging currency exposure communicated to the regional finance director? In case, exposure is not being hedged, is the decision not to hedge communicated to the regional finance director on with proper justifications?Are all the outstanding current assets and liabilities in non local currencies reported to the regional finance director on monthly basis? 3.07 Foreign Currency Cash Flow Forecast Is a foreign currency cash flow forecast prepared? If yes, is it communicated to the regional finance director on with the status of hedging for the following 3 months?

Developing Leadership Attributes

victorious draws are not born still do everybody else has the chance to become the stiff attraction they desire to be. The development of effective drawing cardship is a neer ending wait on that involves education egotism study, training as salubrious as experience. Great leaders are impecc satisfactory persons who speak with integrity, bingle who does not take anything at a personal level. A person with a conviction that new(prenominal) people do and say things in a way that projects own perception is definitely a great leader. An effective leader is that individual who never makes assumptions nigh things that they do not comprehend.They everlastingly arrive the courage to ask and seek answers and do norm all in ally express themselves on what they actually want or need to be d maven. Through proper communication styles, an effective leader is able to establish understandably what his or her follows and anyone else want so as to avoid any chance of a misunderstandi ng. Through this the leader is able to transform an otherwise ordinary management into successful leadership. A great leader al shipway does his best and in the best interest of the organization or followers.This is because, when a leader performs his or her best, he or she is able to change from one moment to another and will also enable him or her to avoid situations of self-abuse, self-judgment as well as regret. This paper is ab appear leadership connects. It is a discussion on various interviews carried out what managers as well as employees withdraw of a leader and why they think certain people are successful leaders while others do not. It attempts with an introduction of what leadership is, indeed in the second section it describes the three various attributes that are considered by the interviewees.Also discussed are recommendations on how to efficaciously implement and develop the plan for these attributes. Leadership buttocks generally be termed as a process by din t of which an individual is able to influence others to achieve an objective, while at the same time say the organization or followers in such a way that they operate coherently and cohesively. In order to achieve this, effective leaders manage this process through their leadership attributes, like beliefs, ethics, values, k in a flashledge, skills as well as character.Often, people confuse management with leadership. Albeit the position an individual has in an organization or the society as a whole enables him or her to be in a position of license to carry out specific tasks it does not however make him or her leader. In fact all it does is guaranteeing you the position of a boss from which to exercise the power bestowed. The difference between leadership and management is that a leader does certain things that make his or her followers want to accomplish high goals, instead of effective bossing them around.When an individual qualifies you as a leader, she or he is not necessari ly thinking about your attributes, but instead observes the things that you do in order for him or her to understand who you really. For instance, when an employee in one of the leading nutriment stores was asked why she has been at the same work place for over 10 days, her response was I construct never met any person who believes in me like my first branch manager. When I joined the company, I used to be a waitress with no college degree said Chantel. But with time, my manger realized the potential I had, and advised me to register for go away time classes.Through this is i have managed to rise through the ranks and right now am manager. Another employee in the medium level industry who believes that a great leader is someone who is able to help others advance by aiding them to overcome, barriers to personal effectiveness was Jefferson. He said When I was faced with an eviction notice, I could not find a place to regulate up, and my performance at work deteriorated. But bef ore I could discuss it with anyone, my immediate supervisor approached me and we talked about my dilemma.Later the manger called me and t aged me what the supervisor had suggested. The following day I was given a cheque (advance) and thereafter my performance, stance and punctuality tremendously improve Said he. He further adds that ever since he has always try to get the best out of everyone by focusing on their strengths and at the same looking for ways to overcome the barriers. Largely I have been successful even though there are a few people who have disap proveed by I learned a lot of follow with so many people looking up to me said Jefferson.In order to develop this attribute one must first of all understand who and what they are. This can be achieved through being technically, proficient a leader must know his or her job and have a familiarity with his or her employee. He or she must also make sound decisions through good problem solving skills, being good role model by s etting good examples and at the same time now and understand the people you are dealing or working by and understanding of human nature as well as the significant of sincerity while caring for others.For instance, Jefferson was able to develop because he had a boss who believed in him and understand his problems with good problem solving skills the supervisor was able to get him out of the situation and at the same time motivate him while also showing that he cares. An effective leader too, should be one who is ready to take risks by proposing new ideas and supporting those of others. A sop up at Healing Hands Hospital says that when she first started working at the hospital six years ago, the problem of bed space for patients was very acute.However, when the manager called for staff meeting and asked for proposals on how to handle the situation. She remembers making a contribution of contracting various insurance agencies to build the extra bed spaces. On her part the manager prop osed that home-based care be practiced through electronic transmission. Both of the ideas were incorporated and up to now the hospital have managed to provide acute health care 3 fold the initial number. This is a demonstration of effective leadership according to this nurse. To her when the manger decided the new idea, which had not been anywhere else, she took a great risk.Even though, she manger had implemented the electronic system, she did not just stop these and incorporated others ideas. The nurse has been able to practice the art of risk taking while also listening to new ideas while not paying lip service. Supporting this idea was a college tutor who had been approached by his principle on which methods of education could be adopted by the college to improve their performance. When asked what made this special to him Shawn says just by the mere mentation of approaching me alone was a great idea, even if it was not implement it meant so much to me.It made a whole differenc e when I realized part of my suggestions were considered. Being that I was new at the college I did not envisage this situation. But, it was timely as I was able to bring new ideas from my old school that worked for the school alongside others. When a manager engages in risks and listens to others according to these two it is a for certain way of being an effective leader. There are sure ways in which these can be achieved. First design the plan of seeking responsibility and at the same time take responsibility for the actions by finding new ways to lead the organizations to new heights.Always do an analysis of the situation never lay the blame on others. Through risk taking a leader can begin by making timely and sound decisions through good problem solving skills, planning tools as well as good decision-making. Great leaders inspire their followers toward a shared anticipative vision and future. This can be achieved by first articulating the vision to the followers by finding a process that they believe in then sharing the vision in ways and works than can be understood by everyone (followers).The leader can then empower the followers with tools as well as methods to solve problems and improve their solution. He ors he can then model the way in case the situation gets murky, the leader is able to demonstrate what can be done while at the same time sharing the glory with the heart of the followers and keeping the pain in his or her own heart. A manager at a local retail store believes that her effective leadership has be achieved through her actions.For instance, she makes it her business to help employees understand the corporations overall business strategy, how they can contribute toward achieving the demand goals and sharing information with them. All these she summarizes by effectively communicating the companys vision. Supporting this attribute is a waitress at liquor store who has been amazed by her managers makes it his point to attend to patrons who seem unruly and disrespectful. Instead of forcing them to handle the situations he makes it his business. She says He does it with finesse that you cant help but admire and then apply his skills later.ReferencesConcepts of leadership last updated date March 10, 2007. http//www.nwlink.com/Donclark/leader/leadcom.htmlRetrieved on 9 November 2007

Oliver Twist the novel Essay

In Oliver Twist, the novel, demon uses a variety of lyric poem techniques to show how nefarious agitate Sikes is. The vocabulary he uses is course and elementary. That, with the use of short, sharp sentences gives a fierce thuggish effect. In the film, Bill Sikes is calm in his words however with brutal with his actions. In the film adaptation he is withal presented with a delicate, much human side rather than being pot rayed as a giant star all the time, like in the novel.This is helped with the non-diegetic sound, to help create and eerie and tense atmosphere. In the novel, Dickens describes him as a Robber, Housekeeper these negative words add to his person as wanting to be the alpha-male. The language Sikes uses is non thought out properly. He says whatever comes into his head and this is why he is al elans quick to reply. In the film, even though Nancy explains herself, he hits her, and only after hitting her he realises what he has done.In conclusion, the way that Bill Sikes is presented as a villain in both the original novel by Charles Dickens and the BBC film adaptation are quite different. The villainy and the traits of Bill Sikes are portrayed by the language used by Charles Dickens which is short and sharp for fast paced action. The interactions of Bill Sikes with the other characters in the opinion and chapter in which Bill Sikes completely ignores Fagins warnings and is very brutal to Nancy.Furthermore his villainy is also deepen by the authors and the film makers craft and use of various devices much(prenominal) as non-diegetic music and how Bill Sikes is called various names in the novel and finally his presentation of a villain is also based upon how he treats Nancy and how he reacts to his surroundings. In the novel he is presented to far more villainous than he is in the BBC film adaptation as in the adaptation there is self-condemnation and regret over Nancys death.